1. Deforestation leads to decrease in rainfall.
2. Removal of soil particles from the land is called soil erosion.
3. Chipko movement is initiated against deforestation.
4. Nilgiris is a biosphere reserve in Tamilnadu.
5. Tidal energy is renewable type of energy.
6. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are called fossil fuels.
7. Coal is the most commonly used fuel for the production of electricity.
1. Biogas is a fossil fuel. - True
2. Planting trees increases the groundwater level.
3. Habitat destruction cause loss of wild life.
4. Nuclear energy is a renewable energy. - False
Nuclear energy is a non renewable source of energy.
5. Overgrazing prevents soil erosion.
Overgrazing can lead to soil erosion.
6. Poaching of wild animals is a legal act.
Poaching of wild animals is illegal.
7. National park is a protected park.
8. Wild life protection act was established in 1972.
1. Soil erosion - energy saving
2. Bio gas - acid rain
3. Natural gas - removal of vegetation
4. Green house gas - renewable energy
5. CFL bulbs - CO2
6. Wind - non-renewable energy
7. Solid waste - lead and heavy metals
Answer:
1. Soil erosion - removal of vegetation
2. Bio gas - CO2
3. Natural gas - non - renewable energy
4. Green house gas - acid rain
5. CFL bulbs - energy saving
6. Wind - renewable energy
7. Solid waste - Lead and heavy metals
1. Which of the following is / are a fossil fuel?
i. Tar ii. Coal iii. Petroleum
a) i only
b) i and ii
c) ii and iii
d) i, ii and iii
2. What are the steps will you adopt for better waste management?
a) reduce the amount of waste formed
b) reuse the waste
c) recycle the waste
d) all of the above
3. The gas released from vehicles exhaust are
i. carbon monoxide ii. Sulphur dioxide iii. Oxides of nitrogen
a) i and ii
b) i and iii
c) ii and iii
d) i, ii and iii
4. Soil erosion can be prevented by
a) deforestation
b) afforestion
c) over growing
d) removal of vegetation
5. A renewable source of energy is
a) petroleum
b) coal
c) nuclear fuel
d) trees
6. Soil erosion is more where there is
a) no rain fall
b) low rainfall
c) rain fall is high
d) none of these
7. An inexhaustible resources is
a) wind power
b) soil fertility
c) wild life
d) all of the above
8. Common energy source in village is
a) electricity
b) coal
c) biogas
d) wood and animal dung
9. Green house effect refers to
a) cooling of earth
b) trapping of UV rays
c) cultivation of plants
d) warming of earth
10. A cheap, conventional, commercial and inexhaustible source of energy is
a) hydropower
b) solar energy
c) wind energy.
d) thermal energy
11. Global warming will cause
a) raise in level of oceans
b) melting of glaciers
c) sinking of islands
d) all of these
12. Which of the following statement is wrong with respect to wind energy
a) wind energy is a renewable energy
b) the blades of wind mill are operated with the help of electric motor
c) production of wind energy is pollution free
d) usage of wind energy can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels
1. What will happen if trees are cut down?
Cutting down of trees gives rise to ecological problems like floods, drought, soil erosion, loss of wildlife, extinction of species, imbalance of biogeochemical cycles, alteration of climatic conditions and desertification.
2. What would happen if the habitat of wild animals is disturbed?
The animal will not be able to find food, shelter or live with its community. Such animals tend to migrate into residential areas, fields etc., affecting human life.
3. What are the agents of soil erosion?
Agents of soil erosion are high velocity of wind, air currents, flowing water, landslide, human activities (deforestation, farming and mining) and overgrazing by cattle.
4. Why fossil fuels are to be conserved?
Fossil fuels refer to coal and petroleum.
(i) The formation of these fossil fuels is a very slow process and takes very long period of time for renewal.
(ii) They are available in limited amounts in nature. Therefore the coal and petroleum reserves can get exhausted if we use them at a rapid rate. Thus they must be conserved.
5. Solar energy is a renewable energy. How?
It is said to be renewable since it is available in unlimited amount in nature. It can be renewed over a short period of time and can be harvested continuously.
6. How are e-wastes generated?
E - wastes are generally called as electronic wastes, which includes the spoiled, outdated, non-repairable electrical and electronic devices. They are generated at houses, Industries etc.
1. What is the importance of rainwater harvesting?
(i) Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collecting and storing rainwater for future use.
(ii) The main purpose of rainwater harvesting is to make rainwater percolate under the ground so as to recharge 'groundwater level'.
Advantages of rainwater harvesting : Rainwater harvesting helps to
(iii) Overcome the rapid depletion of groundwater levels.
(iv) To Meet the increase demand of water.
(v) Reduces flood and soil erosion
(vi) Water stored in ground is not contaminated by human and animal wastes and hence can be used for drinking purpose.
2. What are the advantages of using biogas?
(i) It burns without smoke and therefore causes less pollution.
(ii) An excellent way to get rid of organic wastes like bio-waste and sewage material.
(iii) Left over slurry is good manure rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.
(iv) It is safe and convenient to use.
(v) It can reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted.
3. What are the environmental effect caused by sewage?
(i) Untreated sewage or wastewater generated from domestic and industrial process is the leading polluter of water sources in India.
(ii) Sewage water , results in agricultural contamination and environmental degradation.
4. What are the consequences of deforestation?
Deforestation gives rise to ecological problems like floods, drought, soil erosion, loss of wild life, extinction of species, imbalance of biogeochemical cycles, alteration of climatic conditions and desertification.
1. How does rainwater harvesting structures recharge ground water?
Answer:
The
main purpose of rainwater harvesting is to make the rainwater percolate under
the ground so as to recharge ‘groundwater
level’.
Methods of rainwater harvesting :
(i) Roof top rain
water harvesting : Roof tops are excellent rain catchers. The rain
water that falls on the roof of the houses, apartments, commercial buildings
etc., is collected and stored in the surface tank and can be used for domestic
purpose.
(ii) Recharge pit : In this method, the rain water
is first collected from the roof tops or open spaces and is directed into the
percolation pits through pipes for filtration.
(iii) After filtration the rainwater enters the
recharge pit or ground wells.
2. How will you prevent soil erosion?
Answer:
Management of soil erosion :
(i) Retain vegetation cover, so that soil is not
exposed.
(ii) Cattle grazing should be controlled.
(iii) Crop rotation and soil management improve soil
organic matter.
(iv) Runoff water should be stored in the catchment.
(v) Reforestation, terracing and contour ploughing.
(vi) Wind speed can be controlled by planting trees in
form of a shelter belt.
3. What are the sources of solid wastes? How are solid wastes managed?
Answer:
Sources of solid waste :
(i) Solid wastes mainly include municipal wastes,
hospital wastes, industrial wastes and e-wastes etc.
(ii) The solid wastes are dumped in the soil which
results in landscape pollution.
(iii) Solid - waste management involves the collection,
treatment and proper disposing of solid material that is discarded from the
household and industrial activities.
Methods of solid wastes disposal:
(i) Segregation : It is the separation of
different type of waste materials like biodegradable and non biodegradable
wastes.
(ii) Sanitary land fill : Solid wastes are dumped into low
lying areas. The layers are compacted by trucks to allow settlement. The waste
materials get stabilised in 2-12 months. The organic matter undergoes
decomposition.
(iii) Incineration: It is the burning of non-
biodegradable solid wastes (medical wastes) in properly constructed furnace at
high temperature.
(iv) Composting : Biodegradable matter of solid
wastes is digested by microbial action or earthworms and converted into humus.
Recycling of wastes :
(i) Papers from old books, magazines and news papers
are recycled to produce papers in papermills.
(ii) Agricultural wastes like coconut shells, jute,
cotton stalk, bagasse of sugarcane can be used to make paper and hard board.
Paddy husk can be used as livestock fodder.
(iii) Cowdung and other organic wastes can be used in
gobar gas plant to provide biogas and manure for fields.
3R Approach : The 3R approach such as, Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle may be followed for effective waste management.
4. Enumerate the importance of forest.
Answer:
(i) Forests are an important component of our
environment and are dominated by microorganisms, flowering plants, shrubs,
climbers, dense trees and provide a vast habitat for wild animals.
(ii) Forests also contribute to the economic development
of our country.
(iii) Forests are vital for human life, it is a source
for a wide range of renewable natural resource.
(iv) They provide wood, food, fodder, fibre and
medicine.
(v) Forests are major factor of environmental concern.
They act as carbon sink, regulate climatic conditions, increase rainfall,
reduce global warming, prevent natural hazards like flood and landslides,
protect wildlife and also act as catchments for water conservation.
(vi) They also play a vital role in maintaining the ecological
balance.
5. What are the consequences of soil erosion?
Answer:
Removal
of upper layer of soil by wind and water is called soil
erosion. The top layers of the soil contains humus and mineral salts
which are vital for the growth of plants.
Soil erosion causes :
(i) Significant loss of humus and nutrients.
(ii) It decreases the fertility of the soil.
(iii) Vegetation, cover cannot be retained.
(iv) This will affect ground water levels.
6. Why is the management of forest and wildlife resource considered as a challenging task?
Answer:
(i) Expanding human population results in expanding
needs. Forests provide a variety of resources to fulfill man's needs.
(ii) Forests are destroyed for reasons like
agriculture, urbanization, construction of dams, roads, buildings, industries,
hydroelectric projects etc.,
(iii) A lot of these projects are related to the economic
growth of the country.
(iv) Natural resources are conserved for their
biological, economic and recreational values. The use of natural resources in
excess and unplanned way leads to imbalance in the environment.
(v) Wildlife is needed for maintaining biological
diversity. It also helps is promoting economic activities and generates revenue
through tourism. Conservation of forest and wildlife is interrelated. Over
exploitation of forest cover areas has resulted in animals becoming extinct,
threatened or on the verge of extinction.
(vi) A judicious balance should be maintained between
exploitation of resources and its replenishment. Proper utilization and
management of nature and its resources is termed as conservation.
(vii) We have to build a sustainable world, which
should last forever. There should be a sharing of global resources among living
organisms.
(viii) Thus management of forests and wildlife is indeed
a challenging task.
In each of the following question a statement of assertion(A) is given and a corresponding statement of reason (R). Of the four statements given below mark the correct answer.
a. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
b. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c. Assertion is true but reason is false.
d. Both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion: Rainwater harvesting is to collect and store rain water.
Reason: Rainwater can be directed to recharge the underground water source.
Answer: a. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
2. Assertion: Energy efficient bulbs like CFL must be used to save electric energy.
Reason: CFL bulbs are costlier than ordinary bulbs, hence using ordinary bulbs can save our money.
Answer: a. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
1. Although coal and petroleum are produced by degradation of biomass, yet we need to conserve them. Why?
(i) Coal and petroleum are formed by the degradation of biomass of plants and animals buried deep under the earth millions of years ago.
(ii) The coal and petroleum reserves can get exhausted if we keep using them at a rapid rate.
(iii) The formation of these fossil fuels (coal and petroleum) is a very slow process and takes very long period of them for renewal.
(iv) Hence it is necessary to conserve them for future use.
(v) This can be done by reducing their consumption.
2. What are the objectives for replacing non-conventional energy resources from conventional energy resources?
(i) The commercial sources of energy include fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), and nuclear power.
(ii) These sources of energy are expensive and are becoming limited.
The non conventional energy resources such as solar power, wind energy, hydropower etc., seem to be promising since they are available abundantly, are cheap and can meet the demand of our Nation.
Hence steps are taken to replace commercial sources with non conventional sources of energy.
3. Why is the Government imposing ban on the use of polythene bags and plastics? Suggest alternatives. How is this ban likely to improve the environment?
(i) Polythene bags and plastics are non bio degradable materials.
(ii) If they are used, they accumulate in the soil, water bodies etc.,
(iii) In the soil they get buried and alter the nature of the soil. It prevents aeration of the soil and affects microbes. Excessive accumulation of plastic can render the soil barren.
(iv) In water bodies they cover the water surface and prevent oxygen from diffusing into the water thereby affecting aquatic flora and fauna.
(v) Plastic covers also find their way into the stomach of animals during feeding and may even prove to be fatal.
(vi) Burning of plastics produces dioxin which can cause developmental and reproductive problems, damage the immune system.
Alternate methods to avoid plastics are :
(i) Use bags made of ecofriendly materials.
(ii) Use dining plates / cups made of biodegradable materials instead of plastic plates I cups.
(iii) Use vessels / containers made of steel.
(iv) Carry our own cloth bags for shopping.
The ban on plastics by the Government will improve the environment because :
(i) Plastic waste will be reduced and slowly disappear.
(ii) It will help the water bodies and soil to promote microbial growth.
(iii) It will lead to decrease in challenges faced by Government in disposal of solid waste.
(iv) Human beings will not be exposed to health hazards caused by use of plastics especially dining plates and cups.
1. Why is it not possible to use solar cells to meet our energy needs? State three reason to support to your answer.
(i) Solar cells are expensive.
(ii) If energy needs are high, huge solar panels need to be installed which is not economically viable for all.
(iii) Sunlight must be available throughout the year.
2. How would you dispose the following wastes?
a. Domestic wastes like vegetable peels
b. Industrial wastes like metallic cans
Can the disposal protect the environment? How?
(a) It can be disposed by composting in the garden. This will help to decompose the waste and return the nutrients to the soil thereby adding tQ the fertility of the soil. This will also help to manage the waste.
(b) Metallic cans must be given to recycling units.
The cans will be melted and can be reused to make other objects. This will help to manage the waste and reuse it.
3. List any three activities based on 3R approach to conserve natural resources.
(i) Reduce use of natural resources. E.g: coal.
(ii) Reuse the waste whenever possible. Example water from kitchens can be used for growing plants.
(iii) Recycle materials wherever possible. Example (a) Use of treated sewage water for gardening. (b) Bio wastes to be made into compost.
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