Blood Grouping

Blood Grouping

Aim:

To determine the blood group of the blood sample by the slide agglutination test.

Theory and Principle:

Blood grouping is an essential requirement before blood is transfused from one person to another.It is also useful in settling paternity disputes and medicolegal problems.

Red blood cells contain blood group antigens. Antibodies to the blood group antigens are present in the blood plasma.The antigens are generally determined and are responsible for blood types. When RBCs of a person are mixed with corresponding antiserum, agglutination occurs due to antigen-antibody reactions.

Materials Required

• Blood sample ( anticoagulated)

• Sterile cotton

• Sterile lancet

• Clean dry grease free slides or white tile

• Toothpicks

• Marker pen

• Commercially available Anti A sera, Anti B sera and Anti D sera

Procedure

1. Prick the finger under aseptic conditions

2. Place a drop of blood on the slide on each side marked as A, B and D.

3. Add a drop of antiserum A , B and D on A, B and D side respectively.

4. Mix with toothpick using separate toothpicks for each mixture.

5. Wait for 2 mins and observe for clumping reaction if any confirm it by observing under microscope.

6. Interpret the results and report.

Interpretation

If agglutination on A side the blood group is A

If agglutination seen on B side the blood group is B

If Agglutination on both A and B side the blood group is AB

If No agglutination on A and B side the blood group is O

If agglutination is seen on D side the blood group is Rh(D) positive

If No agglutination on D side the blood group is Rh(D) negative.

Diagram: ( any one depending on the results)

Observation:

(will vary with the type of blood group an example is given below) Agglutination is seen on A, B and D side

Result:

The blood group of the blood sample was determined by slide agglutination test and was found to be AB Rh positive.