Anal squamous cell carcinoma - Gastrointestinal oncology

Anal squamous cell carcinoma

Definition

The anal canal is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and thus is prone to development of epithelial derived tumours.

Incidence

Much less common than rectal carcinoma.

Sex

M > F

Clinical features

Patients present with a localised ulcer or a wart like growth, there is often associated bleeding and discharge. Inguinal lymph nodes may be stony hard if spread has occurred. In female patients an anovaginal fistula may result in offensive vaginal discharge.

Investigations

Suspect lesions require biopsy.

Management

Treatment is by combined local radiotherapy and chemotherapy rather than abdominoperineal resection. Early metastases are frequent.