ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Functional
groups are defined as aliphatic if there is no aromatic ring directly attached
to them. It is possible to have an aromatic molecule con-taining an aliphatic
functional group if the aromatic ring is not directly attached to the functional
group.
Functional
groups are defined as aromatic if they have an aromatic ring directly attached
to them. In the case of esters and amides, the aromatic ring must be attached
to the carbonyl side of the functional group. If the aromatic ring is attached
to the heteroatom, the functional groups are defined as aliphatic.
Functional groups can be classed as aliphatic
or aromatic. An aliphatic functional group is one where there is no aromatic
ring directly attached to the functional group (Fig. 1a and b).
An aromatic functional group is one where an
aromatic ring is directly attached to the functional group (Fig.
1c and d).
There is one complication involving esters and
amides. These functional groups are defined as aromatic or aliphatic depending
on whether the aryl group is directly attached to the carbonyl end of the functional group, that is, Ar–CO–X. If the
aromatic ring is attached to the heteroatom instead, then the ester or amide is
classed as an aliphatic amide (Fig. 2).
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