Urinary tract infection: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Management, Complication

Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary tract and it is caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganism in the urinary tract with or without signs and symptoms.

The most common site of infection are in Bladder : Called as cystitis Urethra : Urethritis

Prostrate : Prostatitis Kidney : Pyelonephritis

Etiology :

1.     Ascending infections [Enter via Urinary meatus]

2.     Obstructive abnormalities [stricktures, prostatic tumors or hyper plasia]

3.     Upper Urinary track disease may occasionally cause recurrent bladder infections.

Sign and symptoms:

1.     Dysurea, frequency, urgency and a nocturnal

2.     Suprapubic pain and discomfort

3.     Gross hematuria.

Diagnosis:

1.     Urine dipstick :May react positively for blood WBC and titrates indicates infection.

2.     Urine microscopy : Shows RBC and many WBC per field with our epithelial cells.

3.     Urine culture : It is used to detect presence of bacteria and for antimicrobial sensitivity testing.

Management :

1.     Relieve discomfort and provide rest. ( catheterisation if needed, see practicals)

2.     Antibiotic Theraphy :A wide variety of antimicrobial drugs are used.

3.     Follow up culture to prove treatment effectiveness.

4.     Increase the fluid intake.

5.     Avoid irritants : - Coffee, tea, alcohol, cola drinks.

6.     Promote Urinary output

7.     Provide Rest

8.     Encourage plenty of fluids .

Complication :

1.     Pyelonephritis

2.     sepsis.