Summarize the major causes of third-trimester bleeding.
A “bloody show” is the most common cause of
bleeding during the third trimester. This occurs during labor and is due to
effacement and dilatation of the cervix. Placental problems are responsible for
most pathologic third-trimester bleeding, of which placental abruption and
placenta previa account for the majority. Cervical bleeding due to polyps and
carcinoma is much less com-mon. Vasa previa, umbilical cord vessels traveling
within the placental membranes and covering the cervical os, is a rare cause of
third-trimester bleeding. Other rare causes of third-trimester bleeding are
maternal coagulopathy, due to preeclampsia, and intrauterine fetal demise
(Table 61.1).
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