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Nursing - Respiration - Physical Examination | 11th Nursing : Chapter 5 : Nursing - Health Assessment and Physical Examination

Chapter: 11th Nursing : Chapter 5 : Nursing - Health Assessment and Physical Examination

Respiration - Physical Examination

Respiration is the act of inhalation and exhalation of air

Respiration

Respiration is the act of inhalation and exhalation of air

Respiration derived from a Latin word respire

The surface area of a lung is roughly the same as a size of a tennis court

The usual ratio of respiration rate and pulse rate is 1 to 4

The normal respiration rates are


 

Besides Age, Factors Affecting Respiration Rate:

1.        Sex: respirations are generally more rapid in females than in males

2.        Exercise: increases the rate

3.        Emotions: such as fear influence respiration

4.        Heat: such as hot water or hot both causes increase in rate and decrease in depth of breathing

5.        Cold makes the breathing full and deep

6.        Drugs: Like sedatives, slow the respirations

7.        Respiratory illness: increase the rate especially pneumonia

8.        Pain, fever, anaemia, haemorrhage and shock increase the rate

9.        Coma and brain injuries – cause decrease in respiration rate.

Procedure:- (counting respiration)

1.        The patient must be at rest and unaware that respiration is being taken. It is therefore wise to take while keeping fingers on the pulse

2.        Feel or watch the rise and fall of the patient’s chest

3.        Count each rise and fall as on respiration count for a full minute

4.        While counting the rate, note also

a)       Rhythm - Regular or irregular

b)       Depth - Shallow, normal or deep

c)        Sound - quiet and noisy

d)       Any discomfort or difficulty in breathing

 

Alteration in Breathing Pattern

Bradypnoea - Abnormal slow respiration less than 10/min

Tachypnoea - Abnormal high respiration greater than 30-min

Apnoea - Absence of respiration for several seconds

Hyperventilation - Rate and depth of respiration increases

Hypoventilation - Rate and depth of respiration is very slow

Cheyne – Strokes respiration - Respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate and depth. This pattern reverses: Breathing slows and become shallow climaxing in apnoea before respiration resumes.

Pulse oxymeter

Pulse oxymeter is a device useful to measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation of the blood) It is an easy painless measure of how well oxygen is being send to parts of the body. At the same time it measures the pulse rate also.


 

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