Planning For Sewerage Systems : Introduction: Necessity For Sanitation

PLANNING FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS : INTRODUCTION: Necessity for sanitation

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes .The liquid portion -waste water- is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been fouled by a variety of uses such as spent water from bathroom kitchen, lavatory basins, house and street washings, from various industrial processes semi solid wastes of human and animal excreta, dry refuse of house and street sweepings, broken furniture, wastes from industries etc are produced daily.

If proper arrangements for the collection, treatment and disposal are not made, they will go on accumulating and create foul condition. If untreated water is accumulating, the decomposition of the organic materials it contains can lead to the production of large quantity of mal odorous gases. It also contains nutrients, which can stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and it may contain toxic compounds. Therefore in the interest of community of the city or town, it is most essential to collect, treat and dispose of all the waste products of the city in such a way that it may not cause any hazardous effects on people residing in town and environment.

Waste water engineering is defined as the branch of the environmental engineering where the basic principles of the science and engineering for the problems of the water pollution problems. The ultimate goal of the waste water management is the protection of the environmental in manner commensurate with the economic, social and political concerns.

Although the collection of stream water and drainage dates from ancient times the collection of waste water can be treated only to the early 1800s. The systematic treatment of waste water followed in the 1800s and 1900s.