Paediatrics: Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis

Up to 20% of the population have symptoms of allergic rhinitis, which include nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and discharge.

Diagnosis

History

·  Identify seasonality of the symptoms and history of atopy.

·  Take a history of environmental exposures such as parental smoking, pets, dust mite, stuffed toys, carpet, bedding, etc.

Examination

Check for:

·  mouth breathing;

·  postnasal drip;

·  cough;

·  nose rubbing;

·  suborbital venous congestion;

·  watery-red eyes.

Investigation

·  Skin tests for specific antigens.

·  Specific serum IgE measurements.

Treatment

Allergen avoidance

·  Dust covers on bedding.

·  Avoid stuffed toys.

Symptom relief

·  Antihistamines.

·  Montelukast.

·  Intranasal steroids