Managerial Motivation

Managerial Motivation

What is Motivation?

^ž   Motivation refers to the process by which a person‘s efforts are energized directed and sustained towards attaining a goal.

^ž   Three key elements I. Energy

II. Direction

III. Persistence

Energy:

The energy element is a measure of intensity or drive. A motivated person puts forth effort and works hard however the quality of effort must also be considered.

Direction:

High levels of effort do not necessarily need to favorable job performance unless the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits the organization.

Persistence:

Effort that is directed toward and consistent with organization goals is the kind of effort we want from employees.

Finally motivation includes a persistence dimension. We want employees to persist in putting forth effort to achieve those goals.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

^ž   Maslow‘s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory

^ž   McGregor‘s Theory X and Theory Y

^ž   Herzberg‘s Two-Fact Theory

^ž   McClelland‘s Three-Needs Theory Maslow‘s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory

^ž   Maslow Argues that each levels in needs hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next need becomes dominant.

^ž   An individual moves up the needs hierarchy from one level to the next.

^ž   He considered psychological and safety needs(lower order needs)

^ž   He considered social, esteem, self actualization needs (higher order needs)

^ž   Lower order needs are predominantly satisfied externally

^ž   Higher order needs are satisfied internally

McGregor‘s Theory X and Theory Y

^ž   Douglas McGregor is best known about two assumption of human nature. Theory X and Theory Y

^ž   Theory X is a negative view of people

^ž   Theory Y is a positive view of people

Theory Y assumption should guide management practice and proposed that participation and decision making responsible and challenging jobs and good group relations would maximize employee motivation.

Herzberg‘s Two-Fact Theory

^ž   Also Called motivation hygiene theory

^ž   Have two factors

(i)Intrinsic factors: job satisfaction

(ii)Extrinsic factors: job dissatisfaction

McClelland‘s Three-Needs Theory

^ž   David McClelland and his associates proposed the three needs theory which says there are three acquired(not innate{not in born}) needs that are major motivators in work

^ž   Three needs are:

i.         Need for achievement

ii.         Need for power

iii.         Need for Affiliation