FLUID PROPERTIES
AND FLUID STATICS
1. Define fluids.
Fluid may be defined as a substance which is capable of
flowing. It has no definite shape of its own, but confirms to the shape of the
containing vessel.
2. What are
the properties of ideal fluid? Ideal fluids have following
properties
i)
It is incompressible
ii)
It has zero viscosity
iii)
Shear force is zero
3. What are
the properties of real fluid? Real fluids have following
properties
i) It is
compressible
ii) They are
viscous in nature
iii) Shear
force exists always in such fluids.
4. Define
density and specific weight.
Density
is defined as mass per unit volume (kg/m3)
Specific weight is defined as weight possessed per
unit volume (N/m3) 5. Define Specific volume and Specific Gravity.
Specific
volume is defined as volume of fluid occupied by unit mass
(m3/kg) Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of
specific weight of fluid to the specific weight of standard fluid.
6. Define Surface tension and Capillarity.
Surface tension is due to the force of cohesion between the
liquid particles at the free surface.
Capillary is a phenomenon of rise or fall of liquid surface
relative to the adjacent general level of liquid.
7. Define Viscosity.
It is defined as the property of a liquid due to which it
offers resistance to the movement of one layer of liquid over another adjacent
layer.
8. Define kinematic viscosity.
It is
defined as the ratio of dynamic viscosity to mass density. (m²/sec)
9. Define Relative or Specific viscosity.
It is the ratio of dynamic viscosity of fluid to dynamic
viscosity of water at 20 o C.
10.
Define Compressibility.
It is the property by virtue of which fluids undergoes a
change in volume under the action of external pressure.
11.
Define Newtonian law of Viscosity.
According to Newton's law of
viscosity the shear force F acting between two layers of fluid is proportional
to the difference in their velocities du
and area A of the plate and inversely proportional to the
distance between them.
12. What
is cohesion and adhesion in fluids?
Cohesion is due to the force of attraction between the
molecules of the same liquid.
Adhesion is due to the force of attraction between the
molecules of two different liquids or between the molecules of the liquid and
molecules of the solid boundary surface.
13. State
momentum of momentum equation?
It states that the resulting torque acting on a rotating fluid
is equal to the rate of change of moment of momentum
14. What
is momentum equation
It is based on the law of conservation of momentum or on the
momentum principle It states that,the net force acting on a fluid mass is equal
to the change in momentum of flow per unit time in that direction.
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