Hunting and Damper Winding:
Sudden changes of load on synchronous motors may sometimes set up oscillations that are superimposed upon the normal rotation, resulting in periodic variations of a very low frequency in speed. This effect is known as hunting or phase-swinging. Occasionally, the trouble is aggravated by the motor having a natural period of oscillation approximately equal to the hunting period. When the synchronous motor phase-swings into the unstable region, the motor may fall out of synchronism.
The tendency of hunting can be minimized by the use of a damper winding. Damper windings are placed in the pole faces. No emfs are induced in the damper bars and no current flows in the damper winding, which is not operative. Whenever any irregularity takes place in the speed of rotation, however, the polar flux moves from side to side of the pole, this movement causing the flux to move backwards and forwards across the damper bars. Emfs are induced in the damper bars forwards across the damper winding. These tend to damp out the superimposed oscillatory motion by absorbing its energy. The damper winding, thus, has no effect upon the normal average speed, it merely tends to damp out the oscillations in the speed, acting as a kind of electrical flywheel. In the case of a three-phase synchronous motor the stator currents set up a rotating mmf rotating at uniform speed and if the rotor is rotating at uniform speed, no emfs are induced in the damper bars. Fig: shows a salient pole synchronous motor with damper winding.
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