Grammar: Auxiliary Verb

Grammar

Phrasal verbs

A phrasal verb is a verb that has a main verb together with an adverb or a preposition or both, to create a completely new meaning.

A. Given below in Column A are some phrasal verbs taken from the text. Find the meanings by using a dictionary and complete Column B.

Answer:

Column A Column B

 Phrasal Verb : Meaning

1. fond of: liking something pleasant

2. hidden away: concealed

3. lock up: imprison

4. laughed at: ridiculed

5. look at: examine closely /see

6. bring up: rear / to take care of

7. gave up: quit / relinquished

8. went through: examined carefully / undergo

9. finish off: destroy something / complete

10. figure out: solve / work out

Modals

Must

Expressing

* strong obligation

* logical conclusion

* certainty

Example

* You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.

* He must be very tired. He's been working all day long.

Must not

Expressing

*prohibition

Example

* You must not smoke in the hospital.

Can

Expressing

*ability

* permission

* possibility

Example

* I can swim.

* Can I use your phone please?

* Smoking can cause cancer.

Could

Expressing

*ability in the past

*polite permission

*possibility

Example

When I was young I could run fast.

Excuse me, could I just say something?

 It could rain tomorrow!

May

Expressing

* permission

* possibility / probability

Example

 * May I come in?

* Where are my keys? They may be in the car.

Might

Expressing

* polite permission

* possibility / probability

Example

* Might I suggest an idea?

* I might go on holiday to Australia next year.

Need not

Expressing

*lack of necessity/ absence of obligation

Example

 I need not buy tomatoes. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge.

Should/ought to

Expressing

*50 % obligation

*advice

* logical conclusion

Example

* I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.

* You should / ought to revise your lessons

* He should / ought to be very tired. He's been working all day long.

Uses of Auxiliary vebs

B. Can You do It?

* Talking about the abilities of your class members is a great way to review the use of the modal can.

* Work in pairs and discuss things a person might be able to do. Include things that some people can do and others cannot do, and make a list on the board.

Can you?

Example:  Can you play the guitar? Now you try:

Can you Play drums ?

Can you draw a picture?

Can you buy a car?

Can you ride a bicycle?

* Once your list has 30-50 abilities, it’s time to prepare for the game.

* Each of you will be given a blank paper and fill in the spaces with one of the abilities you listed on the board.

 * Then, when the teacher says go, go around the classroom asking each other “Can you _________?” asking about one of the activities listed on the board.

* If the person you ask can do that activity, you mark off the square with his/her name.

* If the person asked cannot do it, move on and ask another person about that ability or another one on your paper.

* You can only ask each person about one ability before moving on to ask another classmate, but you can come back to the same person as often as you like.

* When someone gets five spaces in a row, he calls “BINGO.”

Write it on the paper

 Can you play Cricket?

Mugunthan

Can you sing songs?

Malar

Write down all the 'can do activities' from the board and write down your classmates' names in the box

C. Do’s and Don’ts (Necessity, Obligation and Permission)

Choose the correct option.

1. We use must (should/must/ought to) when something is compulsory, obligatory and important.

2. We use should (should/must/ought to) when something is the right thing to do.

3. We use ought to (should/must/ought to) when something is suggested or recommended.

D. Complete the sentences with one of the modal verbs given below.

can, can’t, could, couldn’t, may, shouldn’t

1. Students may be quiet when they write the examination.

2. You shouldn't wear a coat, it’s quite warm.

3. could you open the window? It is very hot in the room.

4. I couldn't go to the school yesterday because I was ill.

5. When she was eighteen, she could run fast.

6. You shouldn't drive fast. It’s not safe.

7. Sachin is a famous cricketer. He Can bat well.

E. You are Aadhav. While you were away on a holiday, your house was burgled. Use appropriate modals and complete the letter to your friend telling him/ her about it.

No. 36, Gandhi Road

Chennai – 45

04 August 2018

Dear Ramesh,

How are you? I feel sad to inform you that my house was burgled last week when I was on a holiday. Burglars might / would have known from the accumulated newspaper pile that I had gone away. When I came back last Sunday, I found the back-door lock broken. I could / might have forgotten to bolt the back-door from inside and they should have entered through it. My room was ransacked. They took my laptop and other valuables. I must / should have deposited the jewellery in a bank locker to avoid this loss. I should have informed my neighbours about my week-long trip. Well, I have registered an FIR with the police. They are investigating the case. They have assured that I would / shall get my jewels back. The burglars will be caught very soon. Convey my regards to all at home.

Yours lovingly,

Aadhav

F. Match the Squares to form proper sentences.

Answers:

1. I/She should take some pills

2. She/They shouldn't wear warm clothes.

3. She/They shouldn't go home.

4. Sam and Jai should see a doctor.

Obligation /Prohibition

1. Obligation

(a) I/She/They must take some pills

(b) She must wear warm clothes.

(c) I/She/They/Sam and Jai must see a doctor.

(d) I must go home.

2. Prohibition

(a) She mustn't take some pills.

(b) I mustn't wear warm clothes.

(c) .Sam and Jai mustn't go home.

(d) They mustn't see a doctor.

Note: Rewrite the sentences for other subjects.

G. Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals. 

(will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, ought to)

Milk is a nutritious food enriched with vitamins and proteins. We should take milk regularly so that we shall / will not develop deficiencies in our body. Aged persons, children and patients should take milk in sufficient quantities as it provides strength to their body. We  could / should supplement it with fruits, vegetables and pulses for proper growth of the body. But we should consume milk of good quality. Otherwise it may cause harm to the body. We should / ought to be very careful while selecting our food items because there are chances that these might / may be adulterated. We should / must protect our health.