Disease Transmitted Through Contact

DISEASE TRANSMITTED THROUGH CONTACT

Disease which are transmitted from person to person through Intimate control is called sexually transmitted disease ( STD) STD’S are dangers because they are easily spread.

Mode of Transmission

STD’s are disease and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person via.

·           Sexual Intercourse

·           Oral–genital contact or in non-sexual ways

·           IV Drugs

·           Congenitally transmitted

Common STD’S

·           HIV and AIDS

·           Gonorrhea

·           Genital Herpes ( hsv-2)

·           Genital warts (HPV)

·           Hepatitis B

·           Pubic Lice

·           Syphilis

·            Trichomoniasis

1. HIV and AIDS

HIV is a virus that damages the im-mune systems, which helps the body to off infection.

Causative organism

Human immunodeficiency virus

Incubation period

Between 2 weeks to months, or longer

Through Body

Transmission of HIV

·           Body Fluids

·           Blood

·           Breast milk

·           Semen

·           Vaginal and rectal fluids

·           Sharing needles or Syringes.

·           Sharing tattoo equipment

·           During pregnancy from mother to baby

·            Through (pre –mastication) chewing baby’s food before feeding to them.

Symptoms

·           Dry , flaky skin (xeroderma)

·           Chronic fatigue

·           Fever that comes and goes (pyrexia)

·           Heavy night sweets

·           Rapid weight loss

·           Swollen lymph nodes

·           While spots on tongue, mouth, throat

·           Recurrent or chronic diarrhoea

·           Anxiety and depression

Diagnosis

·           Antibody /Antigen test (After18-45days after exposure of HIV

·           Antibody Test (23 and 90 days after transmission)

·           Nucleic acid test

HIV screening Management

Antiretroviral therapy, its grouped into six classes

NRTIs (nucleoside reverse trans criptase inhibitors

·           NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse trans criptase inhibitors

·           Protease inhibitors

·           Fusion inhibitions

·           CCR5 Antagonists

·           Integrase stand transfer inhibitions

HIV-Prevention

·           Get tested for HIV

·           Limit sexual partners

·           Avoid sharing needless

·           Stay away from drugs

·           Avoid blood contact

·           Practice safe sex

·           Take action if you have exposed to HIV

2. Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Its caused by infection with the bacterium neisseria gonorrhoea, it tends to infect warm, moist area of the body.

Causative organism

Nesseria Gonorrhoea

Incubation period

2-5 daysa  er exposure

Symptoms

In men

• White, yellow or green urethral discharge (pus-like)

• Pain in the testicles or scrotum

• Painful or frequent urination 

• Anal discharge, itching pain, bleeding

• Itching, difficulty in swallowing swollen neck lymph nodes 

• Eye pain, light sensitivity 

• Eye discharge (pus-like)

• Red, swollen warm, painful joints

In women

·           Painful sexual intercourse

·           Fever

·           Yellow or green vaginal discharge

·           Vulval swelling

·           Bleeding in between periods

·           Heavier periods

·           Bleeding after intercourse

·           Vomiting, abdominal or pelvic pain Painful or frequent urination

Diagnosis

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)

Culture

Complications

In women

·           Pelvic inflammatory disease 

·           Ectopic pregnancy 

·           Chronic pelvic pain 

·           Infertility

In men

·           Epididymitis (in men)

·           Arthritis

·            Tenpsynovitis

·           Dermatitis

Management

·           Antibiotics (Cefltriazxone, ozithromuuin)

·           Abstaining from sexual intercourse

·            Eye ointment for eye infection

Preventive measures

Safe sex practice

Having sex with mutually monogamous, unaffected partner

Role of Nurse in the Communicable Disease Management

Health promotion using the TALK approach

T - TELL about healthy life style to practice all the hygienic practice

A –ADVICE to individuals and families what to do to reduce risk and adopt healthy life styles

L – LEAD collective community action to reduce the risk factor by working with community based organisation

K – KNOW more about health promotion and healthy life style to reduce risk. Hands of health staff and visitors should be washed after contact with the patient

•            Precautions should be put in palace immediately

•            Put the patient in a single room

•            Place a sign board on the entrance to alert all stuff and visitors

•            Hands of health staff and visitors should be washed after contact with the patient

•            Clinical waste should be disposed carefully

•            Minimal equipment and supplies should be taken

•            Appropriate treatment of the patient is essential

•            Close and regular observation of vital signs of patient

•            Watch for any complications

•            Health education must be given according to the infection