C++ Jump statements

Jump statements

Jump statements are used to interrupt the normal flow of program. Types of Jump Statements are

• goto statement

• break statement

• continue statement

goto statement

The goto statement is a control statement which is used to transfer the control from one place to another place without any condition in a program.

The syntax of the goto statement is;

In the syntax above, label is an identifier. When goto label; is encountered, the control of program jumps to label: and executes the code below it.

Illustration 10.18 C++ program to calculate average of given numbers using goto statement

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

float num, average, sum = 0.0;

int i, n;

cout<< "Maximum number of inputs: ";

cin>> n;

for(i = 1; i<= n; ++i)

{

cout<< "Enter n" <<i<< ": ";

cin>>num;

if(num< 0.0)

{

// Control of the program move to jump: goto jump;

}

sum += num;

}

jump:

average = sum / (i - 1);

cout<< "\nAverage = " << average; return 0;

}

Output

Maximum number of inputs: 5

Enter n1: 10

Enter n2: 20

Enter n3: -2 Average = 15

In the above program the average of numbers entered by the user is calculated. If the user enters a negative number, it is ignored the average of numbers entered. Until that point is calculated.

break statement

A break statement is a jump statement which terminates the execution of loop and the control is transferred to resume normal execution after the body of the loop. The following Figure. shows the working of break statement with looping statements;

Illustration 10.19 C++ program to count N numbers using break statement

#include <iostream>

Using namespace std;

int main ()

{

int count = 0;

do

{

cout<< "Count : " << count <<endl;

count++;

if( count > 5)

{

      break;

}

}while( count < 20 );

return 0;

}

Output

Count : 0

Count : 1

Count : 2

Count : 3

Count : 4

Count : 5

In the above example, while condition specified the loop will iterate 20 times but, as soon as the count reaches 5, the loop is terminated, because of the break statement.

continue statement

The continue statement works quite similar to the break statement. Instead of terminating the loop (break statement), continue statement forces the loop to continue or execute the next iteration. When the continue statement is executed in the loop, the code inside the loop following the continue statement will be skipped and next iteration of the loop will begin.

The following Figure describes the working flow of the continue statement

Illustraion 10.20 C++ program to display numbers from 1 to 10 except 6 using continue statement

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

for (int i = 1; i<= 10; i++) {

if (i == 6)

continue;

else

cout<<i<< " ";

}

return 0;

}

Output

1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

In the above example, the loop will iterate 10 times but, if i reaches 6, then the control is transferred to for loop, because of the continue statement.

Difference between Break and Continue