Chapter: Obstetrics and Gynecology: Disorders of the Breast
Breast Cancer Staging
The American Joint Committee on Cancer stages breast malignancies according to the TNM system that describes characteristics of the primary tumor, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and distant metastasis.
Breast Cancer Staging
The American Joint Committee on Cancer stages breast malignancies according to the TNM system that describes characteristics of the primary tumor, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and distant metastasis. Surgical stage helps determine the appropriate types of therapy (Tables 31.4 and 31.5).
In addition to stage, receptor
status is another impor-tant indicator of breast cancer prognosis. Expression ofestrogen or progesterone
receptors positively affects prognosis. The Her2/neu (or c-erb-B2) is an oncogene encoding a membrane-bound
growth-factor receptor. Overexpression confers a poor prognosis and is noted in
20% to 30% of invasive ductal cancers.
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Obstetrics and Gynecology: Disorders of the Breast : Breast Cancer Staging |
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Obstetrics and Gynecology: Disorders of the Breast