Home | Appendicitis : Types, Diagnosis, management, Complications

Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Class Nursing Health Care Hospital Hygiene Higher secondary school College Notes

Appendicitis : Types, Diagnosis, management, Complications

Etiology: Appendicitis commonly affects the male than female between ten to thirty years of age.

Appendicitis:

 

Appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix caused by obstruction of the intestinal lumen from infection, stricture, fecal mass, foreign body or tumor.

 

Etiology:

 

Appendicitis commonly affects the male than female between ten to thirty years of age.

 

Pathophysiology:

 

Obstruction of the intestinal lumen is followed by edema, infection and ischemia of the appendix. As intraluminal tension develops, necrosis and perforation usually occur.

 

Signs and symptoms:

 

The typical symptoms of acute appendicitis are

 

1.     Pain around the umbilicus and / or throughout the abdomen.

 

2.     Rebound tenderness at McBurney' s point (McBurney' s point is halfway between the umbilicus and the iliac crest).

 

3.     Anoxia.

 

4.     Moderate malaise, mild fever

 

5.     Nausea and vomiting.

 

6.     Usually constipation occurs.

 

Diagnosis:

 

1.     Physical examination. Rebound tenderness at Mc Burney' s point

 

2.     Laboratory test : complete blood count will show

 

a.     leucocytosis

 

b.     Urinalysis

 

3.     Abdominal X-ray to visualize shadow consistent with fecalith in appendix.

 

Management:

 

Surgical management:

 

1.Pre-operative care

 

Provide bedrest to the patient

 

Keep the pateient in nil per oral status (NPO)

Maintain adequate hydration with IV infusions

 

Administer antibiotics and analgesics as prescribed

 

Monitor pain level including location, intensity and pattern.

 

Assign patient to semi- Fowlers position to relax the abdominal muscles to promote comfort.

2.Types of surgery:

 

Appendicectomy

 

Laparoscopic  appendicectomy.

 

3. Post-operative management:

 

Keep the patient in the nil per oral status for the first 48 hours after surgery or until the restoration of bowel movements.

 

Maintain hydration and caloric requirements with intravenous (IV) infusions

 

After 48 hours give bland diet and plenty of water.

 

The patient usually resume their normal activities in two to four weeks.

Complication:

 

Peritonitis.

 

Perforation

 

Abscess formation

Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail
11th 12th std standard Class Nursing Health Care Hospital Hygiene Higher secondary school College Notes : Appendicitis : Types, Diagnosis, management, Complications |


Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant

Copyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.