Anatomic Pathology and Neoplasia
·
Describing a histologic section –
always include:
o Architecture (eg gland formation, infiltration – eg sheet like, chords)
o Cytologic atypia: hyperchromatic, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotically
active
o Tissue reaction (fibrosis, inflammation, etc)
·
Macroscopic signs of invasion:
o Variegated
o Poorly circumscribed, not encapsulated, irregular border
o Crab like
o Areas of haemorrhage
·
Microscopic signs of malignancy:
o Nuclear pleomorphism
o Hyperchromatic nuclei
o Invasion
o Poorly differentiated (anaplastic)
o Mitoses
·
Tumor prognosis:
o Stage (how much infiltration, metastasis)
o Grade (what type, how well differentiated)
o Resection margin
o Brisk inflammatory response is good
·
Hamartoma = overgrowth of tissue
native to that site (NOT clonal proliferation/neoplasm)
·
Headings for answering pathology
exam essay questions:
o Incidence
o Aetiology
o Pathogenesis
o Macroscopic description
o Microscopic description
o Natural History
o Outcome
o Complications
o Special types
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