Managerial Motivation
What is
Motivation?
Motivation
refers to the process by which a person‘s efforts are energized directed and
sustained towards attaining a goal.
Three key
elements I. Energy
II. Direction
III. Persistence
Energy:
The
energy element is a measure of intensity or drive. A motivated person puts
forth effort and works hard however the quality of effort must also be
considered.
Direction:
High
levels of effort do not necessarily need to favorable job performance unless
the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits the organization.
Persistence:
Effort
that is directed toward and consistent with organization goals is the kind of
effort we want from employees.
Finally
motivation includes a persistence dimension. We want employees to persist in
putting forth effort to achieve those goals.
THEORIES
OF MOTIVATION
Maslow‘s
Hierarchy Of Needs Theory
McGregor‘s
Theory X and Theory Y
Herzberg‘s
Two-Fact Theory
McClelland‘s
Three-Needs Theory Maslow‘s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory
Maslow
Argues that each levels in needs hierarchy must be substantially satisfied
before the next need becomes dominant.
An
individual moves up the needs hierarchy from one level to the next.
He
considered psychological and safety needs(lower order needs)
He
considered social, esteem, self actualization needs (higher order needs)
Lower
order needs are predominantly satisfied externally
Higher
order needs are satisfied internally
McGregor‘s
Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas
McGregor is best known about two assumption of human nature. Theory X and
Theory Y
Theory X
is a negative view of people
Theory Y
is a positive view of people
Theory Y
assumption should guide management practice and proposed that participation and
decision making responsible and challenging jobs and good group relations would
maximize employee motivation.
Herzberg‘s
Two-Fact Theory
Also
Called motivation hygiene theory
Have two
factors
(i)Intrinsic
factors: job satisfaction
(ii)Extrinsic factors: job dissatisfaction
McClelland‘s
Three-Needs Theory
David
McClelland and his associates proposed the three needs theory which says there
are three acquired(not innate{not in born}) needs that are major motivators in
work
Three
needs are:
i.
Need for achievement
ii.
Need for power
iii.
Need for Affiliation
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