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Chapter: Environmental Engineering : Water Treatment

Water Treatment: Upflow Filters

Upflow units contain a single filter medium-usually graded sand. The finest sand is at the top of the bed with the coarsest sand below.


 

WATER TREATMENT: UPFLOW FILTERS

 

Upflow units contain a single filter medium-usually graded sand. The finest sand is at the top of the bed with the coarsest sand below. Gravel is retained by grids in a fixed position at the bottom of the unit. The function of the gravel is to ensure proper water distribution during the service cycle. Another grid above the graded sand prevents fluidization of the media. Air injection during cleaning (not considered backwash because the direction of flow is the same as when in-service) assists in the removal of solids and the reclassification of the filter media. During operation, the larger, coarse solids are removed at the bottom of the bed, while smaller solids particles are allowed to penetrate further into the media. Typical service flow rates are 5-10 gpm/ft². An example of this unit is shown in Figure 6-3.

 


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