Stator Resistance (or) Primary Resistance Starter

STATOR RESISTANCE (OR) PRIMARY RESISTANCE STARTER

Reduced voltage starting:

Their purpose is to drop some voltage and hence reduce the voltage applied across the motor terminals.

In this way, the initial current drawn by the motor is reduced.

However, it should be noted that whereas current varies directly as the voltage, the torque varies as square of applied voltage.

[Note: When applied voltage is reduced, the rotating flux f is reduced which in turn decreases rotor e.m.f and hence rotor current I₂. Starting torque which depends both on f and I₂ suffers on two counts when impressed voltage is reduced]

For example if voltage applied across motor terminals is reduced by 50%, starting current is reduced by 50%, but torque is reduced to 25% of the full-voltage value.

When motor is direct-switched on to normal voltage, then starting current is the short –circuit current I_sc.

Starting torque = 1.96 x Full load torque.

Hence, even if current is greater than full load current the starting torque is only 1.96 times full-load torque.

If applied voltages/phase can be reduced by fraction „x‟, then

It is obvious that the ratio of starting torque of full-load torque is x² of that obtained with direct switching (or) across the line starting. This method is useful for the smooth starting of small machines only.