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Chapter: Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice : Cryptographic Data Integrity Algorithms : Digital Signatures

Schnorr Digital Signature Scheme

As with the ElGamal digital signature scheme, the Schnorr signature scheme is based on discrete logarithms.

SCHNORR DIGITAL SIGNATURE SCHEME

 

As  with the ElGamal digital signature scheme, the Schnorr signature scheme   is based on discrete logarithms . The Schnorr scheme minimizes the message-dependent amount of computation required to generate a signature. The main work for signature generation does not depend on the message and can be done during the idle time of the processor. The message-dependent part of the signature generation requires multiplying a 2n-bit integer with an n-bit integer.

The scheme is based on using a prime modulus p, with p - 1 having a prime factor q of appropriate size; that is, p - 1 == (mod q). Typically, we use p ~~ 21024 and q ~ 2160. Thus, p is a 1024-bit number, and q is a 160-bit number, which is also the length of the SHA-1 hash value.

The first part of this scheme is the generation of a private/public key pair, which consists of the following steps.

 

1.                                       Choose primes p and q, such that q is a prime factor of p - 1.

2.                                       Choose an integer a, such that aq = 1 mod p. The values a, p, and q comprise a global public key that can be common to a group of users.

3.                                       Choose a random integer s with 0 < s < q. This is the user’s private key.

4.                                       Calculate a - s mod p. This is the user’s public key.

A  user with private key   s and  public  key v generates  a  signature as follows.

 

1.                                       Choose a random integer r with 0 < r < q and compute x = armod p. This computation is a preprocessing stage independent of the message M to be signed.

2.                                       Concatenate the message with x and hash the result to compute the value e:

 


3.                                       Compute y (r se) mod q. The signature consists of the pair (e, y).

Any other user can verify the signature as follows.

1.                                       Compute x' = ayve mod p.

2.                                       Verify that e  =  H(M || x').

To see that the verification works, observe that


 

Hence, H(M || x')  =  H(M || x).


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