EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct option
1. Light travels only in a . It
is because of this property that are
formed
a.
curved line, shadows
b.
straight line, shadows
c.
straight line, reflection
d.
curved line and then straight line, shadows
[Answer: (b) straight line, shadows]
2. Light that hits a mirror gets
a.
Transmitted
b.
Reflected
c.
Absorbed
d.
Refracted
[Answer: (b) Reflected]
3. Surface
reflects the light well.
a.
water
b.
compact disc
c.
mirror
d.
stone
[Answer: (c) Mirror]
4. Light is a form of
a.
matter
b.
energy
c.
medium
d.
particle
[Answer: (b) energy]
5. You can see your image in polished
floors, but not in wooden table because
a. regular reflection takes place in
wooden table and irregular reflection in polished floor
b. regular reflection takes place in
polished floor and irregular reflection in wooden table
c. regular reflection takes place in
both polished floor and wooden table
d. irregular reflection takes place
in both polished floor and wooden table
[Answer: (b) regular reflection takes place in
polished floor and irregular reflection in wooden table]
6.
Choose
the translucent substance from the following
a.
glass
b.
wood
c.
water
d.
Clouds
[Answer: (d) Clouds]
7. Reflection occurs , when the
light
a.
about to reach a surface
b.
approaches a surface
c.
passes through a surface
d.
None of these
[Answer: (b) approaches a surface]
8. Which of the following is the
best reflector of light?
a.
plastic plate
b.
plane mirror
c.
wall
d.
paper
[Answer: (b) plane mirror]
9. Sivarajan placed a meter stick
in the playground at 7.00 am in the morning. How will the shadow of the stick
at noon look in comparison to the one in the morning
a.
There will be no shadow
b.
The shadow will be longer and on the opposite side as the sun
c.
The shadow will be shorter and on the same side as the sun
d.
The shadow will be shorter
[Answer: (d) The shadow will be shorter]
10. The
image formed by a pinhole camera is in-verted because,
a.
light travels in straight lines
b.
light rays become laterally inverted as they pass through a pinhole camera
c.
light rays pass through the pinhole
d.
light rays get reflected
[Answer: (a) light travels in straight lines]
11. Which of the following facts
explain how shadows are formed?
a.
Light travels in straight lines
b.
Opaque bodies do not allow light to pass through them
c.
Reflection occurs at a smooth surfaces like mirrors
d.
Lateral inversion happens
a.
both A and B
b.
both A and D
c.
both B and C
d. only A
[Answer: (a) both A and B]
II. Fill in the blanks
1. A plane mirror produces a virtual and erect image
2. A regular reflection helps
us to see the objects
3. The light ray gets reflected when it falls on any polished surface.
4. Sunlight is a blend of seven colors
5. The splitting of white light in
to seven colors is called
6. The moon reflects sun light
7. The sunlight can be split into
its constituent colors using
8. Reflection of light from rough
surface is called irregular reflection
III. Say TRUE or FALSE
1. The image of right hand in a
plane mirror looks like a left hand
2. Rainbow is formed by dispersion
of which light by water drops
3. The image formed by the plane mirror is laterally inverted, hence the image seen through the periscope is also laterally in-verted Answer: False.
Correct statement:
The image formed by the plane mirror is laterally inverted, hence the image
seen through the periscope is erect.
This is because in periscope, image is reflected by two mirrors.
4. We see planets because they
reflect light from the sun
5. We see a book because it reflects
the light that falls on its surface
6. The image formed in a pinhole
camera is always inverted
7. The image formed in a pinhole
camera is always the same size as the object
8. The image formed in a plane
mirror is upside down
Correct statement: The image formed in a plane mirror is erect.
9. A plane mirror is opaque
10. A shadow is formed on the same
side of the object as the source of light.
Correct statement : A shadow is formed on the opposite side of the object as the source of light.
11. we are able to see things around
us with the help of regular reflection
12. After passing through a prism,
white light splits into a band of seven colours
IV. Match the following
Rectilinear
propagation - Primary source
of light
Plane
Mirror - Non-luminous
object
Fire
fly - Periscope
The
Moon - Pinhole
camera
Wide
light source - Spectrum of light
Regular
reflection - luminous object
The
sun - Penumbra
Band
of seven colors - Glossy
surface
Answer:
1. Rectilinear
propagation - Pinhole camera
2. Plane Mirror - Periscope
3. Fire fly - Luminous object
4. The Moon - Non-luminous object
5. Wide light source
- Penumbra
6. Regular
reflection - Glossy surface
7. The sun - Primary source of light
8. Band of seven
colors - Spectrum of light
V. Answer the following
questions in short
1. With the help of a diagram, state
the laws of reflection
Answer: Laws of
reflection:
(i) The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of
reflection ∠i = ∠x
(ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point
of incidence lie on the same plane.
2. Figure shows a pencil placed
above a mirror
a. Draw its image formed by the
mirror
b. Show how light rays from the
object are reflected at the mirror to form the image for the eye.
Answer:
3. A person is looking at the image of a tree in a mirror placed 3.5 m in front of him. Given that the tree is at 0.5 m behind his eyes. Find the distance between the image of the tree and his eyes. What are needed to see an object?
Answer:
Distance between the person and the mirror = 3.5 m
Distance between the person and tree (object) = 0.5 m.
The image formed in the mirror = 4 m
The distance between the image of the tree and his eyes = 4 +
3.5 = 7.5
m
Things needed to see an object :
❖ Source of
light
❖ Object
❖ Eyes
4. What are luminous objects?
Answer: All objects which emit light energy by themselves are called
luminous objects. Ex.: Sun, electric bulb.
5. Is the moon a luminous object?
Answer: No, the moon is non-luminous. The reason is that moon does not
produce its own light. Instead, it reflects the light of the sun falling on it.
6. What are the three types of
materials based on the absorption of light?
Answer:
(i) Transparent Material
(ii) Translucent Material
(iii) Opaque Material
7. What are the parts of shadow?
Answer: (i)
Umbra (ii) Penumbra
8. What are the properties of
shadow?
Answer: Properties
of shadow :
(i) All objects do not form shadows. Only opaque objects form
shadows.
(ii) Shadows will be formed in the opposite side of light source.
(iii) It cannot be determined the characteristics of an object by its
shadow.
(iv) The shadow will be always darker, whatever may be the color of
light rays.
(v) Light source, opaque object are shadow all are in a straight
line.
(vi) The size of shadow depends upon the distance between light
source and object and the distance between object and the screen.
9. What is plane mirror?
Answer: A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective surface. A
plane mirror makes an image of objects in front of it.
10. What is prism?
Answer: A prism is an object made up of a transparent material, like glass
or plastic that has at least two flat surfaces that form an acute angle (less
than 90°).
11. What do you mean by visible
light?
Answer: Visible light is a spectrum of a number of waves with different wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm (1 nm.= 10-9 meter) each wave has a definite wavelength represents a particular colour.
12. Write the items given here in the correct column (Stars, brick walls, plants, mirror, planets, electric light bulb, candle)
Answer:
Sources of Light : Stars, Electric light bulb, Candle
Objects that reflect light : Brick walls, Plants, Mirror , Planets
13.
A boy of height 1m 45 cm is standing in front of a long mirror at a distance of
2 m. From this information, fill up the following sentences:
a.
The distance between the boy and his image is
b
The height of the image is
c.
When the boy moves 1m forward, the distance between her and her image is
14.
Draw a diagram of a pin hole camera showing the rays of light passing between
the Object and its image
Answer:
15.
Why is the writing on the front of an ambulance back to front as shown in the
picture?
Answer:
(i) This is due to lateral inversion.
(ii) The phenomenon due to which the left side of an object appears
to be right side of the object in its image in a reflecting medium (mirror).
(iii) So that drivers see the word the right way around in their
rear-view mirror.
16.
Explain with examples, why some capital letters look the same in a mirror but
others are reversed.
Answer: Any letter that has a bilateral symmetry will have its mirror
image the same as that of the object.
Example:
A | A
H | H
17.
Two plane mirrors M1 and M2 are placed perpendicular with each other, as shown
in figure. The ray AB makes an angle 39 ° with the plane mirror M1, then
1.
The reflected rays are , ____________,____________
2.
The incident rays are , ____________,____________
3.
What is the angle of incident corresponding to the ray BC?
4.
What is the angle of reflection corresponding to the ray CD
Answer:
1. BC, CD
2. AB , BC
3. ∟i =39°
4. ∟r =39°
18.
Rajan was playing with the mirror images of a clock. He looked at the clock in
his room. It was showing 1:40. Draw the position of the hands on the real clock
and on its mirror reflection. Write below the picture what time each picture is
showing.
Answer:
19.
What is reflection of light?
Answer: The bouncing back of light from a reflecting surface of an
object is called as reflection of light.
20.
If a ray of light is falling on a plane mirror at an angle of 500 is formed,
what will be the angle of reflection?
Answer:
Angle of incidence
∟i = 90° - 50°
∟i = 40°
According to laws of reflection,
∟i = ∟r
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
∟i = 40°
∴ ∟r = 40°
Angle of reflection ∟r = 40°
21.
What do you mean by lateral inversion?
Answer: The phenomenon due to which left hand side of object appears as
right hand side and vice versa is called lateral inversion.
22.
How do you obtain a spectrum of light?
Answer: When white light is made to fall on the surface of a prism, it
disperses and we obtain a spectrum of light.
23.
Why do we see white color in Newton’s disc, when we rotate it very fast?
Answer: When the disc turned quickly, the retina receives the sensation
of the spectrum simultaneously and disc appears white.
24.
What is a shadow? What things are necessary for the formation of a shadow?
Answer:
(i) Shadows are formed because light travels in straight lines.
(ii) Shadow is always against, opposite side of light source.
(iii) Shadow is formed by opaque objects that stop high from
propagating.
(iv) Things necessary for the formation of shadow: source of light, opaque object.
VI. Answer the following questions in detail
1. What are regular and
irregular reflection? Explain with the help of diagrams
Answer:
(i) Regular
reflection : When a parallel beam of light on
striking some smooth and polished surface is reflected as a parallel beam of
light, such a reflection is called regular reflection.
(ii) Irregular reflection : When a parallel beam of light, on striking some rough surface, is reflected in different directions, then such a reflection is called irregular or diffused reflection.
2.
What are the difference between luminous and non-luminous objects? Give two
examples of each.
Answer:
Luminous Objects
1. All objects which
emit light energy by themselves are called luminous objects.
2. Ex : Sun, stars torch light burning candle etc.
Non -Luminous
Objects
1. All objects which do not emit light energy of their own, but
reflect the light energy falling on them and hence, become visible are called
non- luminous object.
2. Ex : Metals, trees, houses, stones, moon etc.
3.
Write about two everyday situations that tell you that light travels in a
straight line.
Answer:
(i) Formation of shadow: Shadows are formed when some light rays
continue its travel in straight lines while other rays are stopped by an object.
(ii) When there is a small hole in a room, light travels only in a
straight line.
4.
Differentiate between a reflection and a shadow
Answer:
Reflection
1. When light falls on a surface, the direction of ray is
changed. This change in direction is known as reflection of light.
2. Eg.: You see your reflection in a pool of water or mirror.
Shadow
1. Shadow is an image
formed by obstruction of light.
2. Eg. : If you place your hand in front of a candle, you will
see the image of the hand on the wall. This image will show only the outline of
the object placed in front of the light source.
5.
What are the characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror?
Answer:
(i) Image formed in a plane mirror is upright.
(ii) Image formed in a plane mirror is virtual
(iii) The image is of the same size as the object
(iv) The distance of the image from the plane mirror is equal to the
distance of the object from the mirror.
(v) Image is laterally inverted.
6.
Describe the pictures.
Answer:
(i) When the tube is bent, we cannot see the source of light.
(ii) When the tube is held straight we can see the flame. The two
pictures verify that light travels in straight lines. This is known as
rectilinear propagation of light.
7.
Define the following terms
a.
Incident ray
b.
Reflected ray
c.
Normal
d.
Angle of incidence
Answer:
(a) Incident ray: The
ray of light that falls on the surface of the reflection materials.
(b) Reflected ray: The
ray of light that comes from the point when the incident ray falls on the
reflection material.
(c) Normal: The
perpendicular line drawn from the point of incidence to the plane of reflecting
surface is called normal.
(d) Angle of
incidence: The angle formed between the incident ray PO
and the normal ‘ON’ is angle of incidence.
8.
Compare the images formed by plane mirror with that by pinhole camera
Answer:
Difference between the images formed in Pinhole camera and Plane
mirror :
Images formed by
Pin hole camera
1. The image is real.
2. The image may not be equal to the size of the object
3. The image is inverted
Images formed in
Plane mirror
1. The image is
virtual
2. The image is equal to the size of the object
3. The image is erect
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