List alternative postoperative analgesic modalities for this patient

List alternative postoperative analgesic modalities for this patient.

Alternative analgesic modalities include patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), neuraxial opioids (spinal or epidural), and local anesthetics. Infiltration of the surgical wound with local anesthetics may decrease pain in the immediate postoperative period. The use of non-opioid analgesics, such as parenteral NSAIDs, may have an opioid sparing effect, allowing pain relief to be achieved with less opioid use and with a better side-effect profile.