Chapter 27
Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search
In most of the chapters in this book so far, we have dis-cussed
techniques for modeling, designing, querying, transaction processing of, and
managing structured data. In Section
12.1 we dis cussed the difference between structured, semistructured, and
unstructured data. Information retrieval deals mainly with unstructured data, and the techniques for indexing, searching, and
retrieving information from large collections of unstructured documents. In
this chapter we will provide an introduction to information retrieval. This is
a very broad topic, so we will focus on the similarities and differences
between information retrieval and database technologies, and on the indexing
techniques that form the basis of many information retrieval systems.
This chapter is organized as follows. In Section 27.1 we introduce
information retrieval (IR) concepts and discuss how IR differs from traditional
databases. Section 27.2 is devoted to a discussion of retrieval models, which
form the basis for IR search. Section 27.3 covers different types of queries in
IR systems. Section 27.4 discusses text preprocessing, and Section 27.5
provides an overview of IR indexing, which is at the heart of any IR system. In
Section 27.6 we describe the various evaluation metrics for IR systems
performance. Section 27.7 details Web analysis and its relationship to
information retrieval, and Section 27.8 briefly introduces the current trends
in IR. Section 27.9 summarizes the chapter. For a limited overview of IR, we
suggest that students read Sections 27.1 through 27.6.
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