Insulated or not?
In a cold
climate, the building should be insulated if the air inside is to be temperate.
The greatest amount of heat is lost through the roof; it is also lost through
the walls and the floor. In addition, there are high heat losses through the
windows and doors. The thickness of the insulation depends on the climate and
winter temperature; lower winter temperatures mean that more insulation is
required. In walls and roofs mineral wool made of glass or rock is used for
insulation; expanded polystyrene (PS) is commonly used in the floor when this
is of concrete. All these materials have a low k value. PS can also be used in walls or roofs providing it is
covered by concrete.
This is because
it can produce toxic gases if it catches fire. Taking Norway as an example, it
is normal to use 15 cm mineral wool in the walls and 30 cm in the roof. The PS
in the floor is 5–10 cm thick (equal to 20–25 cm of mineral wool which has a
higher k value.
Whether
insulation is to be used or not depends on the rooms and how they are utilized.
The office, mess room and toilet are normal insulated in cold climates. Whether
the production rooms are insulated or not depends on the desire to improve the
working environment.
If the building
is insulated, it will be of sealed construction so it will be necessary to use
a ventilation system to ensure exchange of the air inside. If the walls are not
insulated and airtight, the wall construction can be open so that a ventilation
system is not required. Then the wall can be simply made with split panels or
only a plastic grating; natural air exchange is thus ensured and there is no
need for ventilation.
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