1. What are templates?
·
Template is one of the features added to C++.
·
It is new concepts which enable us to define
generic classes and functions and thus provides support for generic
programming.
·
A template can be used to create a family of classes
or functions.
2. Illustrate the exception handling mechanism.
C++
exception handling mechanism is basically upon three keywords, namely,
try, throw, and catch.
try – is used to preface a block of statements which may generate
exceptions.
throw - When an exception is detected,
it is thrown using a throw statement in the try block.
Catch- A catch block defined by the keyword catch ‘catches’ the exception
‘thrown’ by the
thrown
statement in the try block and handles its appropriately.
3. What happens when a raised exception is not caught
by catch block?
·
If the type of object thrown matches the arg type
in the catch statement, then catch block is executed for handling the
exception.
·
If they do not match the program is aborted with
the help of abort() function which is invoked by default.
·
When no exception is detected and thrown, the
control goes to the statement immediately after the catch block. That is the
catch block is skipped.
4. Give the syntax of a pointer to a function which
returns an integer and takes arguments one of integer type and 2 of float type.
What is the difference between a class and a structure?
int
(X_fun) (int, float);
5. What is a template? What are their advantages
·
A template can be used to create a family of
classes or functions.
·
A template is defined with a parameter that would
be replaced by a specified data type at the time of actual use of the class or
functions. Supporting different data types in a single framework.
·
The template are sometimes called parameterized
classes or functions.
6. How is an exception handled in C++?
Exceptions
are run time anomalies or unusual conditions that a program may encounter while
executing.
1. Find the
problem (Hit the exception)
2. Inform
that an error has occurred.( Throw the exception)
3. Receive the
error information. ( Catch the exception)
4. Take
corrective actions.( Handle the exception)
7. What is function template? Explain.
·
Like class template, we can also define function
templates that could be used to create a family of functions with different
argument types.
·
The general format of a function template is:
template<class T>
returntypefunctionname
( arguments of type T)
{
// ………
//……….Body
of function with type T wherever appropriate //………..
}
8. List five common examples of exceptions.
·
Division by zero
·
Access to an array outside of its bounds
·
Running out of memory or disk space.
9. What is class template?
·
Templates allows to define generic classes. It is a
simple process to create a generic class using a template with an anonymous
type.
·
The general format of class template is:
template<class
T> classclassname
{
//
………class member specification.
//……….
with anonymous type T wherever appropriate //……,…..
}
10. What are 3 basic keywords of exception handling
mechanism?
C++
exception handling mechanism is basically built upon three keywords
·
try
·
throw
·
catch
11. What are the c++ operators that cannot be
overloaded?
Size
operator (sizeof)
Scope
resolution operator (::) member access operators(. , .*) Conditional operator
(?:)
12. What is a virtual base class?
When a
class is declared as virtual c++ takes care to see that only copy of that class
is inherited, regardless of how many inheritance paths exist between the
virtual base class and a derived class.
13. What is the difference between base class and
derived class?
The
biggest difference between the base class and the derived class is that the
derived class contains the data members of both the base and its own data
members. The other difference is based on the visibility modes of the data
members.
14. What are the rules governing the declaration of
a class of multiple inheritance?
• More than
one class name should be specified after the : symbol.
• Visibility
modes must be taken care of.
If
several inheritance paths are employed for a single derived class the base
class must be appropriately declared
15. Mention the types of inheritance.
1.Single
inheritance.
2. Multiple
inheritance.
3. Hierarchical
inheritance.
4. Multilevel
inheritance.
5. Hybrid
inheritance.
6. Define dynamic binding.
Dynamic
binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known
until the time of the call at run-time.
17. What do u mean by pure virtual functions?
A pure
virtual function is a function declared in a base class that has no definition
relative to the base class. In such cases, the compiler requires each derived
class to either define the function or redeclare it as a pure virtual function.
A class containing pure virtual functions cannot be used to declare any objects
of its own.
18. Mention the key words used in exception
handling.
The
keywords used in exception handling are
• throw
• try
• catch
19. List the ios format function.
The ios
format functions are as follows:
• width()
• precision()
• fill()
• setf()
• unsetf()
20. List the manipulators.
The
manipulators are:
• setw()
• setprecision()
• setfill()
• setiosflags()
• resetiosflags()
21.
Mention
the equicalent ios function for manipulators.
Manipulator
Equivalent ios function setw(int w) width()
setprecision(int
d) precision() setfill(int c) fill() setiosflags(long f) setf()
resetiosflags(long f) unsetf() endl “\n”
22.
Define
fill functions.
The fill(
) function can be used to fill the unused positions of the field by any desired
character rather than by white spaces (by default). It is used in the following
form: cout.fill(ch);
where ch
represents the character which is used for filling the unused positions. For
example,
the
statements cout.fill(‘*’);
cout.width(10);
cout<<5250<<”\n”;
23 .Give the syntax of exception
handling mechanism.
The syntax of exception handling mechanism is as follows:
try
{
---------------------
throw exception
---------------------
}
catch(type arguments)
{
---------------------
---------------------
}
----------------------
----------------------
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