CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
1. On what
basis you will select the equipment for the construction?
·
Volume of the material to be removed
·
Size of the machine used
·
Depth of excavation
·
Height to be lifted
·
Soil type
·
Duration of period
·
Rented or purchased
·
Production cost
·
Spares availability
·
Skilled operation
2. List some
excavation equipment?
Tractor
a)
Crawler or track type
b)
Wheel or pneumatic type Bull dozer & Angle
dozers
Grader
Scraper
a)
Crawler-drawn scraper
b)
Two-axle scraper
c)
Three-axle scraper Power shovels
3. Bring out
some difference between crawler and pneumatic type of wheels?
Crawler Pneumatic type wheels
1.The
crawler moves on an endless chain. 1.It
moves on pneumatic tyres.
2.They
are slow speed. 2.They are faster in
speed.
3.They
are used for uneven & rough ground. 3.They
operate best on smooth roads.
4.They
have a speed of about 12 Km/h. 4.They
have a speed of about 50 Km/h.
Crawler
1.The
crawler moves on an endless chain.
2.They
are slow speed.
3.They
are used for uneven & rough ground.
4.They
have a speed of about 12 Km/h.
Pneumatic
type wheels
1.It moves on pneumatic tyres.
2.They are faster in speed.
3.They operate best on smooth roads.
4.They have a speed of about 50 Km/h.
4. What are
the three types of scraper?
·
Crawler-drawn scraper
·
Two-axle scraper
· Three-axle scraper
5. What is
the power shovel?
·
It is used to excavate the earth of all classes
and load it into wagons.They are mounted on crawler tracks.It consist of a
mountain ,cab,boon,dipper ,stric,hoist line.
6. Name some
compaction equipment?
·
Towed static smooth compactors
·
Static sheep foot or pad foot compactors
·
Static three wheel self propelled compactors
·
Static tandem compactors
·
Three axle static compactors
·
Rubber tyred compactors
·
Vibrator compactors
a)
Tandem vibrator compactors
b)
Towed vibrator compactors
c)
Sheep foot & tamping foot vibrator compactors
d)
Self-propelled vibrator compactors
e)
Hand guided vibrator compactors
7. What are
the types of conveyors?
·
Belt conveyors
·
Roller conveyors
·
Chain conveyors
·
Pipe conveyors
·
Elevating conveyors
8. Give some
advantages of belt conveyor?
·
Its suitable levels eliminate a good deal of
lifting and lowering of material.
·
It require no stopping or standing but is
continuous operation.
·
Transportation is affected by friction between
material being transported and the belt.
·
It largely saves labor cost.
·
No noise
·
Carry the material horizontal,vertical,inclined.
·
It can withstand 1600 C.
9. How do
you calculate the output of the scraper?
·
Size & Mechanical condition of the scraper
·
Hauling device
·
Condition of the haul road
·
Characteristics of soil & work area
·
Efficiency
·
Output of scraper in bank volume/hr =Optimum loose
volume loaded/trip x S x 60/t x efficiency
o
Where ,S= Swell factor
§ T =cycle
time/trip in miniutes.
10.What are
the uses of excavators?
·
It have various earthmoving jobs,like laying
pipes,removing trees,excavation of drains,general earth moving jobs of cleaning
area,loading,etc,It is also used for excavation of houses & building
foundation,trenches for irrigation,sewage,cables,gas & oil pipe lines.Maintenance
& cleaning of rivers,cannals,irrigation.It is also used for loading of
material like earth,coal,aggregate,etc.
11.
What are the types of excavators?
·
Crawler mounted excavators
·
Truck mounted excavators
·
Self propelled excavators
·
Excavators mounted on barge or rail
·
Hydraulic excavators
·
Excavators loader
·
Bucket wheel excavators
12.Give the
advantages of elevating scraper?
·
Better loading ability
·
It is self loading one in addition to self
propelled capabilities.
·
The chain rotated by power independent of the
travel of the scraper.
·
It has a variable speed
·
It has a very good finishing ability.
·
Pusher not required
·
It gives uniform compaction
·
They are capable of loading most materials except
rock and boulders.
13.List the
factors which will affect the output of the scraper?
·
When working in hard ground the surface should be
pre broken by a ripper or scarifier
·
and assistance in cutting should be given by a
pushing vehicle.
·
Where possible the cutting operation should take
place down hill to take full advantage of the weight of the unit.
·
Haul roads should be kept smooth to enable the
machine to obtain maximum speed.
·
Recommended tyre pressure should be maintained.
·
Size, distance,Road condition,soil type,Efficiency
of engine.
14.What is
grader?Give its uses?
§ It is
used for leveling and smoothening the earth work.Spreading and leveling the
base course in the construction of roads and air fields.This blade can be
rotated at 3600 and also used as
§ ditching
and trenching operation.
·
Gravel road repairing
·
Ditch filling or digging
·
Level or sloped ground finishing
·
Snow clearance
·
Land clearance
·
Base course of spreading and leveling
15.
What are the types of tractors?
·
Crawler type
·
Wheel type
· Two wheeled Four wheeled
17.What is the application of dozer?
·
Road cleaning
·
Stripping
·
Back filling
·
Ditching
·
Spreading
·
Side fills & cuts
18.What does the output of dozer depend on?
§ The
output of the dozer depends on:
·
Size & condition of the dozer.
·
Distance travelled by the dozer.
·
Speed of operation.
·
Characteristics of soil being handled.
·
Surface on which dozer is operating, soil
condition, etc
·
Efficiency
19.Give some importance of excavators?
·
Excavators are basically used for soil, it is a
digging machine.
·
The hydraulic system is very productive and
efficient.
·
It is rotated at 3600
·
This can be fitted with various multipurpose
attachments for various works like laying pipe, removing trees, excavating
drain, clearing, loading, etc.
20.Give the application of trenchers?
§ Trenchers are the equipment used for excavating trenches or ditching of variable depth. It is used to trench the water lines, pipe lines, oil line cables, drainage and sewer. These are usefull for digging canal works.
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