TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS AND
STRESSES IN BEAMS
1. What is beam?
Beam is structural member which is supported along
the length and subjected to external forces acting transversely to the centre
line.
2. Define
Shear force
Shear force at a section in a beam is defined as
the algebraic sum of all the vertical forces acting on the beam either to the
left (or) to the right of the section.
3. Define
Bending moment.
Bending moment at a section in a beam is defined
as the algebraic sum of moments about the section of the beam either to the
left (or) to the right of the section.
4. Write
four types of beams based on their types of supports?
a.
Simply supported beams b. Fixed
beam
c.
Cantilever beam d.
Propped cantilever beam
5. What are
the different types of loading on a beam?
a.
Concentrate load (or) point load b. Uniformly distributed load
c.
Non-uniform distributed load d. Couple or moment.
6. What are
the different types of supports?
(i) Simply
support (or) roller support
(ii) Pinned
support (or) Hinged support
(iii) Rigid
support (or) Fixed support
7. What is a
simply supported beam?
A beam supported or resting freely on the walls
columns at its both ends is known as a simply supported beam.
8. What is
Cantilever beam?
A beam
fixed at one end and free at the other end is known as a cantilever beam.
9. What is
continuous beam?
A beam
which has more than two supports is called continuous beam.
10. What is overhanging beam?
If the
one or both the end portions are extended beyond the support then it is called.
11. Define fixed beams.
A beam whose both ends are rigidly fixed or
built-in walls is known as rigidly fixed beam or a built in beam.
12. What is transverse load?
A load
which has more than two supports is called transverse load.
13. What is point load?
A load
which is acting at a particular point is called point load.
14. What is uniformly distributed load?
A load which is spread over a beam in
such a manner that the rate of loading 'w' is uniform
throughout the length.
15. What is shear force?
It is the
unbalanced vertical forces on the left or right section of the beam.
16. Define bending moment.
Bending at a cross section is the algebraic sum of
the moments of all the forces which are placed either side from that point.
17. Write the relation between SF and BM.
The rate of change of BM is equal
to the SF at the section dM/dx = - F
18. A
clockwise moment M
is applied at the free
end of cantilever.
Draw the SF
and BM diagrams of the
cantilever.
SF Calculation SF diagram
SFA= 0
SF at B = 0
BM Calculation BM diagram
BM at B = -M
(Since for
counterclockwise moment)
BM at A = -M
(BM at both the ends is
same)
19. A simply supported beam of span
'l' is subjected to central concentrated load 'W'. What is the bending moment at
the centre?
Bending
moment at the centre Mc = Wl/4
20.
What is point of contra flexure?
Whether point of contra flexure will occur in a cantilever beam?
The point where BM is zero after changing its sign
is known as point of contra flexure.
21.
Whether point of contra flexure
will occur in a cantilever beam?
The Point
of contra flexure will not occur in a cantilever beam.
22. Define pure bending (or) bending stress.
Simple
bending means flexure by pure bending moment without shear force.
23.
What are the assumptions are made
in the theory of pure bending?
a) The
value of the young's modulus is the same for the beam material in tension as
well as compression.
b) The transverse
section of the beam, which is a plane before bending, will remain a plane after
bending.
c) The
material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic.
24.
State the theory of simple
bending.
If a beam is bent only due to application of
constant BM and not due to shear then it is called simple bending.
25. Write
down the bending equation.
M = f = E I y R
M - Moment of resistance I - Moment of inertia
f - Maximum
bending stress
y - Distance from the neutral axis E - Young's
modulus
R -
Radius of the curvature
26.
Define Section modulus
It is the ratio of moment
of inertia about the neutral axis to distance of the extreme fiber from the
neutral axis.
Section modulus Z = I / Y
27. What is
moment of resistance of the section?
It is the
product of section modulus and bending stress at that section.
M = f x Z
28. What is a flitched beam? Why it is used?
A flitched beam means a beam of composite section
consisting of a wooden beam strength ended by mild steel plates. It is mainly
used to reinforce the material which has lower strength and reduce the cost.
29. Why flitched beam is used?
It is
mainly used to reinforce the material which has lower strength and reduce the
cost.
30. What is the value of maximum shear stress in a
rectangular cross section?
The max
shear stress in a rectangular section is 1.5 times the average stress.
31.
Write down the
equation for shear
stress distribution across
a circular section
with radius.
R at a
distance y from neutral axis.
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