Heart
Disease
Cardiovascular disease
(CVD) is associated with diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Coronary
heart disease (CHD) is the most common form and is caused by deposition
of cholesterol in the blood vessels.
It usually develops
slowly over many years beginning from childhood, they may form a fatty streak
to a fibrous complicated plaque. It leads to the narrowing of blood
vessels leading to atherosclerosis in the large and medium sized
arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen. It leads to sudden ischemia
(deficient blood supply to heart muscle) and myocardial infarction (death
of the heart muscle tissue).
Risk factors: Hypercholesterolemia
(High blood cholesterol) and high blood pressure (Hypertension) are the
major causes and contributing factors for heart disease and if untreated may
cause severe damage to brain, kidney and eventually lead to stroke.
Causes: Heredity (family
history), diet rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, obesity,
increasing age, cigarette smoking, emotional stress, sedentary lifestyle, excessive
alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are some of the causes.
Symptoms: Shortness of breath,
headache, tiredness, dizziness, chest pain, swelling of leg, and
gastrointestinal disturbances.
Diet management: Reduction in the intake
of calories, low saturated fat and cholesterol rich food, low
carbohydrates and common salt are some of the dietary modifications. Diet rich
in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is essential. Increase in the intake of
fibre diet, fruits and vegetables, protein, minerals and vitamin are required.
Physical activity: Regular exercise,
walking and yoga are essential for body weight maintenance
Addictive substance
avoidance:
Alcohol consumption and smoking are to be avoided.
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