Decision making process
Problem
Analysis vs. Decision Making
It's
important to differentiate between problem analysis and decision making. The
concepts are completely separate of one another. Problem analysis must be done
first, then the information gathered in that process may be used towards
decision making.
Problem
Analysis
Analyze performance, what should the
results be against what they actually are
Problems
are merely deviations from performance standards
Problem
must be precisely identified and described
Problems
are caused by some change from a distinctive feature
Something can always be used to
distinguish between what has and hasn't been effected by a cause
Causes to problems can be deducted
from relevant changes found in analyzing the problem
Most
likely cause to a problem is the one that exactly explains all the facts
Decision
Making
Objectives
must first be established
Objectives
must be classified and placed in order of importance
Alternative
actions must be developed
The
alternative must be evaluated against all the objectives
The alternative that is able to achieve
all the objectives is the tentative decision
The
tentative decision is evaluated for more possible consequences
The decisive actions are taken, and
additional actions are taken to prevent any adverse consequences from becoming
problems and starting both systems (problem analysis and decision making) all
over again
Everyday
techniques
Some of the decision making
techniques people use in everyday life include:
Listing
the advantages and disadvantages of each option, popularized by Plato and
Benjamin Franklin
Choosing
the alternative with the highest probability-weighted utility for each
alternative (see Decision Analysis)
satisficing:
Accepting the first option that seems like it might achieve the desired result
Acquiesce
to a person in authority or an "expert", just following orders
flipism:
Flipping a coin, cutting a deck of playing cards, and other random or
coincidence methods
Prayer,
tarot cards, astrology, augurs, revelation, or other forms of divination
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