Crisis intervention
Stressful situations are a part of everyday’s life. Any stressful
situation can precipitate a crisis. Crisis result in a disequilibrium from
which many individuals require assistance to recover.
A sudden event in one’s life that disturbs homeostasis, during
which usual coping mechanisms cannot resolve the problem (Lagerquist, 2001)
Crisis occurs in all individuals at one time or another
·
They are precipitated by
specific identifiable events.
·
Crises are personal by
nature. What may be considered as crisis by one individual may not be so for
another.
·
Crisis are acute, not
chronic and will be resolved in one way or another within a brief period.
·
A crisis situation
contains the potential harm for psychological growth or deterioration.
·
Stress or from the
environment
·
Life transitions
·
Traumatic experience in
life like death of loved one, accidents,
·
Life threatening
illnesses
·
Stress out of
promotions.
·
Existing psychiatric
problems
Individuals experiencing crisis have an urgent need for
assistance. In crisis intervention the therapist, or other intervener becomes a
part of the individual’s life situation. Because of the individual’s emotional
state, he or she is unable to solve a problem, so requires guidance and support
from another to help mobilize the resources needed to resolve the crisis.
·
Resolution of immediate
crisis
·
Restoration of the
individual to his pre-crisis level of functioning
Phase 1: Assessment: It includes gathering of information
regarding the precipitating stressor and resulting crisis that prompted
individual to seek professional help. It includes assessment of physical and
mental status, coping methods, support systems, individual’s personal strengths
and limitations.
Phase 2: Planning: In these phase, goals are established and
appropriate activities are planned to meet the goals based on the individual’s
needs and strengths.
Phase 3: Intervention: This is the actual phase of
implementation in which the person suffering from crisis is helped to overcome/
manage the crisis. It includes guidance services and utilizing the support
systems in favour of the individual.
Phase 4: Evaluation of crisis resolution: It includes reassessment
to determine if the stated objective was achieved. It includes reassessment for
positive behavioural changes, adaptive coping strategies, growth and learning
from the crisis and plan of action for dealing with stressors similar to the
one that precipitated the crisis. At the end of this phase, decision is made
regarding follow up therapy; if needed, the nurse provides referral
information.
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