COXIELLA INFECTION : Q FEVER
Q fever is primarily a zoonosis transmitted from
animals to humans by inhalation rather than by arthropod bite. Its distribution
is worldwide among a wide range of mammals, of which cattle, sheep, and goats
are most associated with transmission to humans. C. burnetii grows particularly well in placental tissue, attaining
huge numbers (>1010 per gram), which at the time of
parturition contaminate the soil and fomites, where it may survive for years. Q
fever occurs in those individuals exposed to infected animals or their
products, particu-larly workers involved with slaughtering. Another high-risk
environment is animal research facilities that have not provided adequate
protection for personnel. Infection in all of these circumstances is believed
to result from inhalation, which may be at some distance from the site of
generation of the infectious aerosols. Infection can also occur from ingestion
of animal products such as unpasteurized milk.
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