Blood
pressure
Blood pressure is the force
exerted during the flow of blood against the lateral walls of arteries.
The blood pressure is high in the arteries gradually drops in the
arterioles and capillaries and become very low in the veins.
Blood pressure is
usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
Systolic pressure: During ventricular systole,
the left ventricle contracts and forces blood into the aorta. The pressure
rises to a peak which is referred as systolic pressure.
Diastolic pressure: During diastole, the ventricles
relax and the pressure falls to the lowest value which is referred as diastolic
pressure.
In an healthy adult
during normal resting condition systolic and diastolic blood pressure is
expressed as 120mm / 80mm Hg. Blood pressure varies during conditions of
physical exercise, anxiety, emotions, stress and sleep.
A prolonged or constant
elevation of blood pressure is a condition known as hypertension (High blood
pressure) can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Decrease
in blood pressure is termed hypotension (Low blood pressure).
A stethoscope is used to
detect the sound produced by the internal organs of human body. The heart sound
is heard by placing the stethoscope on the chest. It is a useful diagnostic
tool to identify and localize health problems and diagnose disease. The modern
electronic stethoscopes are high precisioned instruments.
Sphygmomanometer is a
clinical instrument used to measure blood pressure when a person is in a
relaxed and resting condition. The pressure of the brachial artery is measured.
It helps to estimate the state of blood circulation and the working of the
heart. It helps to diagnose conditions such as increased or decreased blood
pressure. Monometric and modern digital types are the apparatus
used to measure blood pressure.
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