Answer the following in detail

VI. Answer the following in detail

1. Write about crusades and its impact ?

Crusades:

• The Pope and the church called upon all the Christian People of Europe to march to the rescue of the 'Holy City' (Jerusalem)

• The Crusaders had to fight against the seljuq Turks who controlled those parts.

• The struggle between Christianity and Islam beginning in 1905 continued for nearly 200 years and is called Crusades.

Impact of Crusades:

• Increasing demand for products of the East led to expansion of trade. Venice, genoa, Pisa emerged as important commercial centres. Constantinople ceased to be the middle man in the trade between the east and the west.

• Its influence strengthened the Monarchy in France and England. The notable outcome was the less of prestige suffered by Papacy.

2. Who were the Mongols? How did they rule China?.

The Rule of Mongols

• The external invasions ended the sung dynasty in China. The Mongols established their rule in the name of Yuan dynasty.

• The Mongols, who overran Persia and the whole of central Asia, also captured China. In 1252 Mangukhan appointed Kublaikhan the Governor of China.

• The mongole presence in Eurasia played a key role in spreading Chinese technological advances to the less developed Societies in the west, the Mongol court in Beijing impressed the foreigner like Marco polo.

• The poverty of peasantry continued. There were revolts of religions sects and secret societies.

• The leader of "Red Turbans” Chu Yuan Chang proclaimed himself emperor in AD 1369

 STUDENT ACTIVITIES (For Students)

• In an outline map of Europe, the students are to sketch the extent of Western and Eastern Roman Empire.

• Students are to be guided by teachers to Google the architectural splendours of classical civilisation of Greece, Rome and China.