Angiosperms
The term ‘Angiosperm’ is derived
from two Greek words, i.e. ‘angio’ which means box or closed and ‘sperma’ which
means seed. Habit of the plants may be herb (Solanaum melongena) , shrub (Hibiscus
rosasinensis) and tree (Mangifera
indica - Mango). They have well developed vascular tissues called xylem and
phloem. Xylem contains vessel, tracheid, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibre.
Phloem contains sieve tubes, phloem parenchyma, companion cells and phloem
fibres.
Classification of
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are divided into two
classes.
They are:
• Dicotyledons
• Monocotyledons
Characteristic features of
Dicotyledons
* Seed has two cotyledons.
* Plants have tap root system and
leaves are with reticulate venation.
* Flowers are tetramerous or
pentamerous. Calyx and corolla are well differentiated.
* Pollination occurs mostly by
insects.
* Examples are: Bean, Mango, Neem
Characteristic features of
Monocotyledons
* Seed has only one cotyledon.
* Plants have fibrous root system,
and leaves are with parallel venation.
* Flowers are trimerous and not differentiated
into calyx and corolla.
* Pollination occurs mostly by wind.
* Examples are: Grass, Paddy, Banana.
Activity 3
Collect some flowering
plants from your surrounding and classify them as monocot or dicot based on
their root system and venation.
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