PNEUMATIC
AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Hydraulics is a topic in applied
science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids or
fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid version of pneumatics.
Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which
focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics
are used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of
pressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some part of science and
most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design,
fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps, turbines, hydropower,
computational fluid dynamics, flow measurement, river channel behavior and
erosion.Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free
surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries and seas.
Its sub-field open channel flow studies the flow in open channels.
Pneumatic systems used
extensively in industry are commonly powered by compressed air or compressed
inert gases. A centrally located and electrically powered compressor powers
cylinders, air motors, and other pneumatic devices. A pneumatic system
controlled through manual or automatic solenoid valves is selected when it
provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors
and actuators.Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction,
mining, and other areas.
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