What monitors will you use for this case?

What monitors will you use for this case?

Standard monitoring is used for all spine surgery with the addition of a urinary catheter for longer cases and consideration for fluid replacement. Arterial monitoring may be appropriate if the patient is significantly hypertensive and has associated disease processes. It is also useful when there is potential for significant blood loss or cuff pressure measurements are difficult to obtain. Central venous pres-sure monitoring is beneficial when it provides intravascu-lar access and allows monitoring of fluid status. Lumbar fusions may involve numerous segments and anterior as well as posterior exposure of the spine. 

Blood loss may be exten-sive and induced hypotension is often requested to decrease intraoperative bleeding. The adequacy of end-organ per-fusion can be estimated with invasive monitoring, urine output of 0.5–1 cc/kg/hr, and periodic arterial blood gas analysis monitoring for evidence of metabolic acidosis. Neurophysiologic monitoring is often utilized when the spinal cord is at risk during surgery.