What are the signs and symptoms of increased ICP?
Gradual, chronic increases in ICP cause few
signs and symptoms. Symptoms of acute intracranial hypertension are likely
caused by decreased CPP resulting in cerebral ischemia and/or mechanical forces
on the brainstem, which thrust intracranial contents through the foramen
magnum. These may include headache, nausea or vomiting, and mental status
changes. Acute increases in ICP can cause loss of con-sciousness, hypertension
and bradycardia, absent brainstem reflexes, cranial nerve dysfunction,
decerebrate posturing, apnea or irregular respiration, fixed and dilated
pupils, as well as death due to impaired medullary perfusion.
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