Water supply
The volume of water supply
depends on the amount of fish in the pond and the intensity of farming in
relation to evaporation. In addition, the acceptable time for
filling the pond with water is important. Normally this is the value specified
for the water supply, because the water flow into a pond under normal farming
conditions is very low.
The value used to calculate the
necessary water supply should be sufficient to fill the total pond volume
within 2–3 days. The whole farm, including all the ponds, should be filled
during a 20 day period.12The amount of water needed is, of course,
affected by evaporation. The total evaporation depends on temperature, cloud
conditions, wind conditions and pond construction; Normally it is in the region
of 0.25 to 1 cm per day in temperate areas.9
Example
Calculate the necessary water supply to cover the evaporation
loss to a 100 m2 pond where the evaporation is 0.5 cm per day. The
water supply is equal to the evaporation volume.
Evaporation volume = 100 m2× 0.005 m
= 0.5 m3/day = 0.35 l/min
If the water supply and exchange
are too high, the production of algae will not be adequate. The algae may flow
out through the outlet and the ecosystem will not flourish. The ponds are now
functioning as raceways, for which the construction is sub-optimal. The
ecosystem inside the pond becomes unstable when the daily water exchange is too
high, i.e. between 25 and 33% of the total volume, which equates to retention
times of 3–4 days.
In addition to supplying water,
it may be necessary to supply extra air or oxygen (Fig. 14.6). Control of
concentrations CO2 and ammonia in critical situations may also be
necessary; additional inlet water may be required in such circumstances.
Related Topics
Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant
Copyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.