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Direct and Indirect Reported Speech - The Convocation Address: Grammar | 11th English : UNIT 5 : Prose: The Convocation Address

Chapter: 11th English : UNIT 5 : Prose: The Convocation Address

The Convocation Address: Grammar

English Prose: The Convocation Address by Dr. Arignar Annadurai. (English Book back answers and solution for Exercise grammar questions)

Grammar

We can narrate spoken words in two ways — Direct and Indirect speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words of the speaker. Reported speech conveys something that was said in the past.

 

When the reporting verb is in the present tense, we don’t make changes in the tense. 

e.g. Uma says, “I like chocolates.” 

This can be reported as, 

Uma says that she likes chocolates. 

Study the following table to learn how the tenses change when the reporting verb is in the past tense. 

(The word 'said' can be replaced by one which expresses a more precise shade of meaning: explained, declared, agreed, conveyed, told, argued etc.)



Here's a table of some more conversions.

Note: The reporter’s point of view governs the changes from the direct into indirect mode. These changes are in respect of – personal pronouns, tense of the verb and adverbs of time and place.

 

Real life situations offer innumerable opportunities to report what others have said. Read the following dialogue between two friends.

 

Adhira: Hi Yazhini ! How are you? 

Yazhini: I am fine. Congrats. I heard that you have scored very good marks in the SSLC examination. What is the group that you have chosen? 

Adhira: Thank you. I have chosen the arts group. 

Yazhini: Good. Tell me about your future plan. 

Adhira: I have already made up my mind to pursue law.  

Yazhini: Is there any specific reason? 

Adhira: Yes. I would like to start my own law firm and defend the innocent. 

Yazhini: Do you know that it calls for a lot of tolerance and hard work? 

Adhira: Yes. I know that it is not going to be easy but I like challenges. 

Yazhini: Go ahead! Study well! You will succeed. 

Adhira: Thank you so much.

 

Reported version of the above dialogue:

 

Adhira greeted Yazhini and enquired how she was. Yazhini replied that she was fine and congratulated her for she had heard that she had scored very good marks in the SSLC examination. She also went on to ask her what group she had chosen. Adhira thanked Yazhini and told her that she had chosen the arts group. Yazhini endorsed her choice and asked her about her future plan. Adhira told her that she had already made up her mind to pursue law. When Yazhini asked if there was any specific reason, Adhira replied in the affirmative and stated that she would like to start her own law firm and defend the innocent. Yazhini further asked if she knew that it called for a lot of tolerance and hardwork. Adhira acknowledged that she knew that it was not going to be easy but she liked challenges. Yazhini encouraged her to go ahead and study well and wished that she would succeed. Adhira thanked her for the wishes.

 

A. Report the following dialogue.

 

Prabhu: What are you doing here, Kiran? I haven’t seen you for a few months. 

Kiran: I have just come back from my native town Virudhunagar. 

Prabhu: Did you enjoy your vacation? 

Kiran: Yes. I love the place. It is a clean and busy town. 

Prabhu: Where did you go and what did you see? 

Kiran: I went to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi. 

Prabhu: Share some pictures of your trip. 

Kiran: Sure. See you later.

Prabhu asked Kiran what he was doing there and added that he hadn’t seen him for a few months. Kiran replied (or answered) that he had just come back from his native town Virudhunagar. Prabhu asked him further if he had enjoyed his vacation. Kiran agreed and added that he loved the place and it was a clean and busy town. Prabhu asked where he had gone and what he had seen. Kiran answered that he had gone to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi. Prabhu asked him to share some pictures of his trip to which Kiran agreed and bade him farewell.

 

B. Virat Kohli, the Man of the match and Man of the Series in the one–day International series between India and South Africa February 2018 had this to say during the post match presentation. India won the match by 8 wickets and won the series by 5 – 1, a historic win against South Africa in their home soil.

 

Rewrite his words in Reported Speech.

 

“It was a day I felt really good. Last game, I was not in the right kind of mindset. This is a beautiful place to bat under lights. That’s the idea behind bowling first. I like setting up for the short ball. It was a blessing in disguise, and they kept bowling short. I think the pitch got better to bat on under lights. It has been a roller coaster till now. People who are close to me deserve a lot of credit. Obviously, you want to lead from the front, and that’s a wonderful feeling. I have got eight or nine years left in my career and I want to make the most of every day. It’s a blessing that I am healthy and getting to captain my country. They have shown great character – especially the two young spinners. The way the series went augurs well for us. We’re looking forward to the T20s. The tour is not over yet. After losing the Test series, I was talking to you. I am here talking to you after winning the ODI series.”


Virat Kohli told that that was a day he had felt really good. In the previous game, he had not been in the right kind of mindset and added that that was a beautiful place to bat under lights. He also told that that was the idea behind bowling first and it had been a blessing in disguise and they had kept bowling short and he thought the pitch had got better to bat on under lights. Then he added that it had been a roller coaster till then. He told that people who were to him deserved a lot of credit and obviously he wanted to lead from the front and that’s a wonderful feeling. He told that he had got eight or nine years left in his career and he wanted to make the most of everyday. He also added that it was a blessing that he was healthy and getting to captain his country. He informed that they had shown great character especially the two young spinners and the way the series had gone augurs well for them. He ended with a note that they were looking forward to the T20s and the tour was not over yet. After losing the test series he was talking to them there after winning the ODI series.

 

C. Read the given passages and rewrite them in direct speech.

 

1. The cyclist warned the driver not to move his car till the police arrived. The driver pleaded that it was not his fault; he was ready to pay a hundred rupees to repair the damaged cycle. The cyclist refused the money and insisted that the police be called.

The cyclist said to the driver, “ Don’t move your car till the police arrive”.

The driver said, “It is not my fault, please. I am ready to pay a hundred rupees to repair the damaged cycle.” The cyclist said, “No, I don’t want money. I want to call the police”. 

 

2. The striking workers demanded an increase in salary and asked for the withdrawal of all cases. They threatened to continue the strike if the demands were not met. The manager insisted on them calling off the strike and invited them for a discussion. He agreed to listen to their demands.

The striking workers said, “We need an increase in salary and also withdrawal of all cases. We shall continue the strike if the demands are not met.” The manager said, “Please call off the strike and come for a discussion. I shall listen to your demands.”


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