Evaluation
I. Choose the correct
answer
1. Who laid the foundation of Portuguese power in India?
a.
Vasco da Gama
b. Bartholomew Diaz
c. Alfonso de Albuquerque
d. Almeida
[Answer:
(c) Alfonso de Albuquerque]
2. Which of the following European Nation was the foremost
attempt to discover a sea route to India?
a. Dutch
b. Portugal
c. France
d. Britain
[Answer:
(b) Portugal]
3. In 1453 Constantinople was captured by ____________.
a. The French
b. The Turks
c. The Dutch
d. The British
[Answer:
(b) The Turks]
4. Sir William Hawkins belonged to ____________.
a. Portugal
b. Spain
c. England
d. France
[Answer:
(c) England]
5. The first fort constructed by the British in India was
____________.
a. ort William
b. Fort St.George
c. Agra Fort
d. Fort St. David
[Answer:
(b) Fort St.George]
6. Who among the following Europeans were the last to come
India as traders?
a. The British
b. The French
c. The Danish
d. The Portuguese
[Answer:
(b) The French]
7. Tranquebar on the Tamilnadu coast was a trade centre of
the ____________.
a. The Portuguese
b. The British
c. The French
d. The Danish
[Answer:
(d) The Danish]
II Fill in the blanks
1. National Archives of India (NAI)
is located in New Delhi.
2. Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese
sailor was patronized by King John II.
3. The printing press in India was
set up by Portuguese at Goa in 1556.
4. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to trade in
India.
5. The French East India Company was
formed by Colbert.
6. Christian IV the King of Denmark issued a charter to create Danish East
India company.
III Match the
following
1 The Dutch - 1664
2 The British - 1602
3 The Danish - 1600
4 The French – 1616
Answer
1. The
Dutch - 1602
2. The
British - 1600
3. The
Danish - 1616
4. The
French – 1664
IV State true or false
1. Auto biography is one of the
written sources. [Answer: True]
2. Coins are one of the material
sources.
[Answer: True]
3. Ananda Rangam was a translator
served under British. [Answer: False]
Correct
statement: Ananda Rangam was a translator served
under French.
4. The place where historical
documents are preserved is called archives. [Answer: True]
V Consider the
following statements and tick (✓) the appropriate answer
i.
Governor Nino de Cunha moved
Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa.
ii. Portuguese were the last to leave
from in India.
iii. The Dutch founded their first
factory at Surat.
iv. Sir Thomas Roe was sent to
Jahangir’s court by King James I of England.
a. i & ii are Correct.
b. ii & iv are Correct.
c. iii is correct.
d. i, ii & iv are correct.
[Answer:
(d) i, ii & iv are correct]
Find out the wrong pair
a. Francis Day - Denmark
b. Pedro Cabral - Portugal
c. Captain Hawkins - Britain
d. Colbert – France
[Answer:
(a) Francis Day - Denmark]
VI Answer the
following in one or two sentences
1. Give a short note on Archives.
Answer: Archives is the place where historical documents are preserved.
The National Archives of India (NAI) is located in New Delhi. It is the chief
storehouse of the records of the government of India.
2. Write about the importance of Coins.
Answer: Coins are a good source to know about administrative history. As
compared to the literary sources the chances of manipulation is very less in
the case of coins. Thus they are an authentic archaelogical source.
3. Why Prince Henry is called ‘Henry the Navigator’?
Answer: Prince Henry of Portugal, who is commonly known as the
“Navigator”, encouraged his countrymen to take up the adventurous life of
exploring the unknown regions of the world.
4. Name the important factories established by the Dutch in
India.
Answer: The important factories in India were Pulicat, Surat, Chinsura,
Kasim bazaar, Patna, Nagapatnam, Balasore and Cochin.
5. Mention the trading centres of the English in India.
Answer: The English had established their trading centres at Surat,
Agra, Ahmedabad and Broach.
VII Answer the
following in detail
1. Give an account of the sources of Modern India.
Answer:
(i) The sources for the history of modern India help us to know
the political, socio-economic and cultural developments in the country.
(ii) The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Danes, and the
English recorded their official transactions in India on state papers.
(iii) History can be written with the help of written sources
and material sources.
(iv) Written Sources:
After the advent of the printing press; numerous book were published in
different languages. Hence people began to acquire knowledge easily in the
fields like art, literature, history and science.
(v) Written sources include Literatures, Travel Accounts,
Diaries, Auto Biographies, Pamphlets, Government Documents and Manuscripts.
(vi) Archives: It has
main source of information for understanding past administrative machinery as
well as a guide to the present and future generations related to all matters.
(vii) Material Sources:
Paintings and statues are the main sources of modern Indian history which
provide information about national leaders and historical personalities and
their achievements.
(viii) Historical buildings and museums preserve and promote our
cultural heritage.
(ix) Coins are a good source to know about administrative
history.
2. How did the Portuguese establish their trading centres in
India?
Answer:
(i) In A.D. 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, where he was
cordially received by King Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut. A second Portuguese
navigator, Pedro Alvares Cabral, sailed towards India in 1500.
(ii) Vasco da Gama came to India for the second time in 1501
with 20 ships and founded a trading centre at Cannanore.
(iii) One after another, they established factories at Calicut
and Cochin.
(iv) King Zamorin attacked the Portuguese in Cochin, but was
defeated.
(v) Cochin was the first capital of the Portuguese East India
Company.
(vi) In 1505, Francisco de Almeida was sent as the first
Governor for the Portuguese possessions in India.
(vii) Almeida had the aim of developing the naval power of the
Portuguese in India. His policy was known as the “Blue Water Policy”.
(viii) Sultans of Bijapur and Gujarat were also apprehensive of
the expansion of Portuguese control of ports which led to an alliance between
Egypt, Turkey and Gujarat against Portuguese invaders.
(ix) In a naval battle fought near Chaul, the combined Muslim
fleet won a victory over the Portuguese fleet under Almeida’s son.
(x) Almeida defeated the combined Muslim fleet in a naval battle
near Diu, and by the year 1509, Portuguese claimed the naval supremacy in Asia.
(xi) The real founder of the Portuguese power in India was
Alfonso de Albuquerque who captured Goa and established the Portuguese
authority over Ormuz in Persian Gulf.
(xii) Governor Nino de Cunha moved capital from Cochin to Goa in
1530. In 1534, he acquired Bassein from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, in 1537.
(xiii) During the 16th century, Portuguese succeeded in
capturing Goa, Daman, Diu, Salsette, Bassein, Chaul and Bombay on the western
coast, Hooghly on the Bengal coast and San Thome on the Madras coast and
enjoyed good trade benefits.
3. How did the British establish their trading centres in
India?
Answer:
(i) In 1600, Elizabeth, the Queen of England granted a charter
to the governor and company of Merchants of London to trade with East Indies.
(ii) The Company was headed by a Governor and a court of 24
directors.
(iii) Captain Hawkins visited Jahangir’s court and secured
permission to raise a settlement at Surat which was cancelled later.
(iv) In 1612, the English Captain Thomas Best, inflicted a
severe defeat over the Portuguese in a naval battle near Surat.
(v) The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to
establish their factory in 1613 at Surat, which became the headquarters of the
English in western India.
(vi) Captain Nicholas Downton won another decisive victory over
the Portuguese in 1614.
(vii) This enhanced the British prestige at the Mughal court.
(viii) In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by
King James I of England, who succeeded in concluding a commercial treaty with
the emperor.
(ix) Before the departure of Sir Thomas Roe, the English had
established their trading centres at Surat, Agra, Ahmedabad and Broach.
VIII Map skill
1. On
the river map of India, mark the following trading centres of the Europeans.
1) Calicut
2) Cochin
3) Madras
4) Pondicherry
5) Surat
6) Chinsura
7) Pulicat
8) Calcutta
IX HOTs
1. How
did the fall of Constantinople affect the European nations?
Answer:
(i) The fall of Constantinople was the end of an era for Europe
as it severely hurt traders in the European region.
(ii) The land route between India and Europe was closed. The
Turks penetrated into North Africa and the Balkan Peninsula.
(iii) It became imperative on the part of the European nations
to discover new sea routes to the East.
X Student Activity
1. Prepare a chart on the kinds of sources of Modern India.
Answer: Kinds of Sources of Mordern India.
Hints: Artifacts from Archeological sites coins, monuments,
inscriptions, travelogues and autobiographies are primary sources of
information for modern history, it also includes government reports, letter,
photographs map diaries, news papers and films.
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