Quality assurance for concrete construction
A Quality Assurance scheme is a
management system is a management system, which increases confidence that a
material, product or service will conform to specified requirements. It
outlines the commitments, policies, designated responsibilities and
requirements of the owner.
QA scheme of one type or another
is used. Depending on the value of the product and methods used in its
manufacture, such schemes may themselves become extremely complex and involve
individuals, who have little empathy for a particular material or process, even
as being very competent in their understanding of others.
The assumptions made during the
planning and the design, adequate QA measures shall be taken. The construction
should results in satisfactory strength, serviceability and long term
durability so as lower the overall life cycle cost.
QA in construction activity
results to proper design, use of adequate materials and components to be
supplied by the producers, proper workmanship in the execution of works by the
contractor and ultimately, proper care during the use of structure, including
timely maintenance and repair by the owner.
QA assure are both organizational
and technical. Some common cases should be specified in a general QA plan,
which shall identify the key elements, necessary to provide fitness of the
structure, and the means by which they are to be provided, and the overall
purpose to provide confidence that the realized project will work satisfactory
in service, fulfilling intended needs.
The job of QA and QC would
involve both the inputs as well as the outputs. Inputs are in the form of
materials for concrete; workmanship in all stages of batching, mixing,
transportation placing, compaction and curing; and the related plant, machinery
and equipments; resulting in the output in the form of concrete in place.
QA plan shall define the tasks and
responsibilities of all persons involved, adequate control and checking
procedures and the organization and maintaining adequate documentation of the
building process and its results, such documentation should generally include:
ü Test
reports and manufacturer's certificate for materials, concrete mix design
ü Pour
cards for site organization and clearance for concrete placement
ü Record of
site inspection of workmanship, field tests
ü Non-conformance
reports, change orders
ü Quality control
charts
ü Statistical
analysis
1Need for quality Assurance
The quality necessary to give
good performance and appearance throughout its intended life is attained.
ü The
client requires it in promoting his next engineering scheme
ü The
designer depends on it, for his reputation and professional satisfaction
ü The
materials producer is influenced by the quantity of work in his future sales.
ü The
building contractor also relies on it, to promote his organization in procuring
future contracts, but his task is often complicated by the problems of time
scheduling and costs
Most faults in structures are
attributable to deign errors, and poor workmanship on site with only 10% being
due to inadequate materials.
1.1Causes of design faults may include:
ü Mis-interpretation
of the client's needs
ü Lack of
good communication between members of the design team
ü Misinterpretation
of design standards or codes of practice
ü Use of
incorrect or out-of-date data
ü Production
of and reference to inadequate and imprecise specifications
1.2 Causes of faults in construction may include:
ü Misinterpretation
of design drawings or specifications
ü Lack of
effective communication with suppliers and sub contractors
ü Inefficient
co-ordination of sub-contracted work
ü Inadequate
on-site supervision
ü Poor
workmanship due to inadequate skills and experience of the labour force
satisfactory instructions
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