Points to remember
● Domain
Name System (DNS) maintains all the directory of domain names and help us to
access the websites using the domain names. It translates the domain name into
IP address.
● IP
address is a logical address used to uniquely identify a computer over the
network. There are two types: IPv4 and IPv6.
● IPv4
address is a 32 bit unique address given to a computer or a device. There are
two ways to represent the IP address: Binary notation, Dotted-decimal notation.
● IPv6
address is a 128 bit unique address given to a computer or a device. It follows
Hexadecimal number notation.
● URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a document on the Internet. URL is
divided into two types: Absolute URL and Relative URL
● URL is made up of four parts- protocols, hostname, folder name and file name. Absolute URL contains all the four necessary and fundamental parts of URL.
●
Relative URL contains only folder name and the file name or just the file name.
● There
are 3 important components in the Domain Name System. They are Namespace,
Name server and Zone.
● Label is a string which can have
maximum of 63 characters. Each node in that
level should have unique label.
● Domain
name space is a tree like structure with root element on the top. It can have a
maximum of 128 levels starting from root element taking the level 0 to level 127.
● Domain
name is the sequence of labels separated by dot (.). The domain name is always
read from the leaf node to root node. The root node always represent NULL
string. So All the domain name ends with dot.
● In the
domain name space (DNS) tree structure domain
is a sub structure tree. The domain can be further divided into sub domains.
● Name
Servers are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.
It provides to clients when queried by them.
● Zone is
the contiguous part up to which the server has access. The domain assigned for
the server does not divide into further sub domains then zone is same as
domain.
●
Resolver, a client/ server application, initiates the process of resolving the
domain names.
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