The development of ethical
frameworks has a history as long as medicine itself. Today, ethical traditions
can be broadly categorized into three tradi-tions:
·
virtue
ethics;
·
deontology;
·
consequentialism.
More recently, principlism has
been proposed as a unifying approach.
Often associated with the
tradition of Aristotle and emphasizes the char-acter and moral behaviour of the
person or agent. Aristotle proposed nine key virtues: wisdom; prudence;
justice; fortitude; courage; liberality; magnificence; magnanimity and
temperance.
Most commonly associated with
Immanuel Kant who formulated the con-cept of the categorical imperative. The
tradition emphasizes individual dig-nity, truth telling, non-malefi cence,
benefi cence, and autonomy. The good will and motive of the individual
determine the rightness of the act.
In contrast to deontology,
emphasizes that the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences.
The tradition is often associated most with the utilitarians such as Jeremy
Bentham.
Traces its origins to the
Nuremberg Code (1948), the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), and the Belmont
Report (1979) all of which focus on research on human subjects. Beauchamp and
Childress have championed moral decision-making in medicine based on
principlism emphasizing four moral attributes: autonomy, non-maleficence,
beneficence, and justice.
Related Topics
Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant
Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.