Oxygen Therapy

Oxygen Therapy

Definition

Oxygen therapy refers to supplemental oxygen given to people with breathing disorders.

Methods

·           Nasal Cannula method

·           Oxygen tent method/Oxyhood method Simple mask method

·           Venture mask method

Sources

·           Oxygen cylinder

·           Oxygen wall outlet

Indications

·           Shock

·           Poisoning Trauma

·           Anaesthesia Cardiac failure

·           Respiration failure

Cannula Method

Definition

A method by which oxygen is administered in low concentration through a cannula, which is disposable plastic device with two protruding prongs for insertion into the nostrils.

Purpose

·           To relieve dysponea.

·           To administer low concentration of oxygen to patients.

·           To allow uninterrupted supply of oxygen during activities like eating, drinking, etc.

Procedure

Oxygen concentration will vary on many factors like patient’s tidal volume and ventilator pattern.

Special Precautions

1.        Never deliver more than 2-3 litres of oxygen to patients with chronic lung disease, e.g. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

2.        Check frequently that both prongs are in patient’s nares.

Administering Oxygen By Mask Method

Definition

Administering oxygen to the patient by means of a mask (simple / venturi) according to requirement of patient.

Purpose

1.        To relieve dyspnoea.

2.        To administer higher concentration of oxygen.

Articles

1.        Oxygen source

2.        Mask (simple / or with venture adaptor high flow device of appropriate size)

3.        Humidifier with distilled water

4.        Flow meter

5.        Gauze pieces

6.        “No Smoking” sign.

Procedure

Venturi mask

Special Considerations

1.        The dosage of oxygen may be ordered as an FIO (Fraction of Inspired Oxygen) which is expressed as a percentage or as litres per minute.

2.        The venturi mask will have colour-coded inserts that list the flow rate necessary to obtain the desired percentage oxygen.

Administering Oxygen Using Oxygen Tent

Definition

Process of administering oxygen by means of tent, usually for infants which gives maximum comfort and most satisfactory results.

Description

An Oxygen tent consists of a canopy over the baby’s bed that may cover the baby fully or partially and is connected to a supply of oxygen. The canopies are transparent and enables the nurse to observe the sick baby.

Advantages

1.        provides an environment for the patient with controlled oxygen concentration, temperature regulation and humidity control.

2.        It allows freedom of movement in bed.

Disadvantages

1.        It creates a feeling of isolation.

2.        It requires high level of oxygen (10-12 litres per minute)

3.        Loss of desired concentration occurs each time the tent is opened to provide care for the infant.

4.        There is an increased chance of hazards due to fire.

5.        It requires much time and effort to clean and maintain a tent.

Articles

Oxygen tent and oxygen source, humidifier.

Procedure

Note

1.        Oxygen can be administered to babies using oxygen hood (Oxyhood).

2.        Oxygen hood is a plastic device, which is kept over the head of the infant. It permits easy access to the child without loss of oxygen. It helps in efficient delivery of oxygen.

3.        While placing hood over the head of the child, the edges of the hood should not rub against the child’s chin, neck and shoulders.

Special Considerations

1.        Mist is prescribed with oxygen therapy to liquefy secretions.

2.        Humidified air may condense into water droplets on the inside walls of the tent, it is important to examine the child’s clothing and bedding and change them as necessary to prevent chilling.

3.        Electrical equipment used within or near the tent should be grounded properly.

4.        It is preferable to monitor SpO2 (oxygen saturation) of patient continuously.

5.        Avoid the use of volatile, inflammable materials such as oils, grease, alcohol, either and acetone near the tent.

6.        Nurses should be knowledgeable about the location and technique for using a fire extinguisher.

7.        For the baby in oxygen tent, toys selected should be such that they retard absorption are washable and will not produce static electricity, e.g. woolen and stuffed toys. This ensures baby’s safety.