Maternal and Child Health services
Maternal and Child Health services include the curative,
preventive and social aspects of maternity services, paediatrics, family
welfare, nutrition, child development and health education. The specific
objectives of MCH are:
·
Reduction of morbidity
and mortality rate for mothers and children
·
Promotion of
reproductive health and
·
Promotion of the
physical and psychological development of the child within the family.
·
Family planning and
reproductive health service
·
Maternal, newborn and
child health service
·
Health Communication
·
Health Commodities and
supplies
·
Health systems
strengthening
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched National
Health Mission in May 2013. Many different health and welfare programmes have
been brought together under the umbrella of National Health Mission (NHM) with
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)
as its two sub missions. The programme components include
Reproductive-Maternal-Newborn-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A); and
control of communicable and non communicable diseases.
his programme has been launched in 2013. It aimed to reduce the
maternal mortality and child mortality and addressed the delays in accessing
and utilizing health care and services. Under this programme, the areas of care
include
·
Reproductive care
·
Maternal care
·
Neonatal care
·
Child care and
·
Adolescent health care
The three goals that are relevant to RMNCH+A strategic approach in
12th Five Year Plan which has to be achieved by 2017 is as follows:
·
Reduction of Infant
Mortality Rate (IMR) to 25 per 1,000 live births
·
Reduction in Maternal
Mortality Ratio (MMR) to 100 per 100,000 live births
·
Reduction in Total
Fertility Rate (TFR) to 2.1
The following are the intervention for children. They are
·
Home-based newborn care
and prompt referral
·
Facility-based care of
the sick newborn
·
Integrated management of
common childhood illnesses (diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria)
Child nutrition and essential micronutrients supplementation
·
Immunization
·
Early detection and
management of defects at birth, deficiencies, diseases and disability in
children (0–18 years)
It is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Rural
Health Mission (NRHM). It was launched in 12th April 2005. The objective of JSY
is reducing maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutional
delivery among the poor pregnant women. A monetary benefit is given to the
mother under this programme for institutional delivery.
Government of India has launched Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram
(JSSK) on 1st June, 2011. This programme aimed to motivate the mother for
institutional delivery.
The following are the free entitlements for pregnant women:
·
Free delivery
·
Free Caesarean Section
·
Free drugs and
consumables
·
Free diagnostics
·
Free diet in the
hospital
·
Free provision of blood
·
Exemption from user
charges
· Free transport from home to hospital
·
Free transport during
referral services
·
Free drop back from
hospital to home
The following are the free services for sick newborns till 30 days
after birth.This has now been expanded to cover sick infants:
·
Free treatment
·
Free drugs and
consumables
·
Free diagnostics
·
Free provision of blood
·
Exemption from user
charges
·
Free Transport from Home
to hospital
·
Free transport during
referral services
·
Free drop back from
hospital to home
It is a new initiative launched in February 2013. It includes
provision for child health screening and early intervention services through
early detection and management of 4 Ds, prevalent in children. These are
·
Defects at Birth
·
Deficiencies
·
Diseases of Childhood
·
Developmental delays and
disabilities
It is one of the main interventions under the Reproductive and
Child Health programme as well as under NRHM. It has two components.
It includes
·
Keeping the child warm
·
Initiation of
breastfeeding immediately after birth
·
Counseling for exclusive
breastfeeding and non-use of pre lacteal feeds
·
Cord, skin and eye care.
·
Recognition of illness
in newborn and management and/or referral
·
Immunization
·
Home visits in the
postnatal period.
Home visits are an essential part of this intervention. Home
visits done by health workers help mothers and families to understand and
provide essential newborn care at home and detect and manage newborns with
special needs due to low birth weight or sickness.
It includes
·
Management of diarrhoea,
acute respiratory infections (pneumonia) malaria, measles, acute ear infection,
malnutrition and anemia
·
Recognition of illness
in children and management/referral
·
Prevention and
management of Iron and Vitamin A deficiency
·
Counseling on feeding
for all children below 2 years
·
Counseling on feeding
for malnourished children between 2 to 5 years
·
Immunization
This scheme is being implemented in Tamil Nadu with a noble
objective of providing financial assistance to poor pregnant mothers to meet
expenses on nutritious diet, to compensate for the loss of income during
motherhood and to avoid low birth weight of new born babies. In this scheme,
Rs. 12,000 per beneficiary is given from 20 Feb 2017, it is increased to Rs. 18000
for the improvement of healthy motherhood.
This is launched in Tamil Nadu in the year 2015. Under this
scheme, all the babies born in Government institutions are given Amma Baby Care
Kit worth of Rs.1,000/-. It is distributed with the objective of improving the
hygiene of the postnatal mothers and the newborn baby and inculcating hygienic
practices among the mothers for self and baby care. The Amma Baby Care kit
contains 16 items viz. baby towel, baby dress, baby bed, baby protective net,
baby napkin, baby oil, baby shampoo, baby soap, baby soap box, baby nail
clipper, baby rattle, baby toy, liquid hand wash, bathing soap,
sowbagyasundilehiyam and a kit bag to securely keep all the items.
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