Chapter: Mechanical : Strength of Materials : Transverse Loading On Beams And Stresses In Beam

Materials for Beam

The beams may be made from several usable engineering materials such commonly among them are as follows: Metal, Wood, Concrete, Plastic.


Materials for Beam:

 

The beams may be made from several usable engineering materials such commonly among them are as follows:

 

Metal

 

Wood

 

Concrete

 

Plastic

 

Issues Regarding Beam:

 

Designer would be interested to know the answers to following issues while dealing with beams in practical engineering application

 

             At   whatail load   will   it   f

 

             How   much   deflection   occurs   under   th

 

Cantilever Beam: A beam which is supported on the fixed support is termed as a cantilever beam: Now let us understand the meaning of a fixed support. Such a support is obtained by building a beam into a brick wall, casting it into concrete or welding the end of the beam. Such a support provides both the translational and rotational constrainment to the beam, therefore the reaction as well as the moments appears, as shown in the figure below

 

Simply Supported Beam: The beams are said to be simply supported if their supports creates only the translational constraints.

 

Some times the translational movement may be allowed in one direction with the help of rollers and can be represented like this

 

Statically Determinate or Statically Indeterminate Beams:

 

The beams can also be categorized as statically determinate or else it can be referred as statically indeterminate. If all the external forces and moments acting on it can be determined from the equilibrium conditions alone then. It would be referred as a statically determinate beam, whereas in the statically indeterminate beams one has to consider deformation i.e. deflections to solve the problem.

 

Types of loads acting on beams:

 

A beam is normally horizontal where as the external loads acting on the beams is generally in the vertical directions. In order to study the behaviors of beams under flexural loads. It becomes pertinent that one must be familiar with the various types of loads acting on the beams as well as their physical manifestations.

 

A. Concentrated Load: It is a kind of load which is considered to act at a point. By this we mean that the length of beam over which the force acts is so small in comparison to its total length that one can model the force as though applied at a point in two dimensional view of beam. Here in this case, force or load may be made to act on a beam by a hanger or though other means

 


B. Distributed Load: The distributed load is a kind of load which is made to spread over a entire span of beam or over a particular portion of the beam in some specific manner

 

In the above figure, the rate of load is a non uniformly distributed load.

 

 

 

The rate of theloadinglengthofthebeam„q'maybe overuniformover the entire span of beam, then we cell this as a uniformly distributed load (U.D.L). The U.D.L may be represented in either of the way on the beams

 

some times the load acting on the beams may be the uniformly varying as in the case of dams or on inclind wall of a vessel containing liquid, then this may be represented on the beam as below:

 

The U.D.L can be easily realized by making idealization of the ware house load, where the bags of grains are placed over a beam.




Concentrated Moment:


The beam may be subjected to a concentrated moment essentially at a point. One of the possible arrangement for applying the moment is being shown in the figure below:






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Mechanical : Strength of Materials : Transverse Loading On Beams And Stresses In Beam : Materials for Beam |


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