INFARCTION
Infarction
is a localized area of necrosis secondary to ischemia. Common sites of
infarction include heart, brain, lungs, intestines, kidneys. Infarcts have
multiple causes.
·
Most infarcts (99%) result from
thrombotic or embolic occlusion of an artery or vein.
·
Less common causes include vasospasm
and torsion of arteries and veins (e.g., volvulus, ovarian, and testicular
torsion).
On
gross examination infarctions typically have a wedge shape, with the apex of
the wedge tending to point to the occlusion.
·
Anemic
infarcts (pale or white color) occur in solid organs with a single
bloodsupply such as the spleen, kidney, and heart.
·
Hemorrhagic
infarcts (red color) occur in organs with a dual blood
supplyor collateral circulation, such as the lung and intestines, and can also
occur with venous occlusion (e.g., testicular torsion).
Microscopic
pathology of infarction can show either coagulative necrosis (most organs) or
liquifactive necrosis (brain). The general sequence of tissue changes after
infarction is as follows:
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