Social
Infrastructure
Social
infrastructure refers to those structures which are improving the quality of
manpower and contribute indirectly towards the growth of an economy. These
structures are outside the system of production and distribution. The
development of these social structures help in increasing the efficiency and
productivity of manpower. For example, schools, colleges, hospitals and other
civic amenities. It is a fact that one of the reasons for the low productivity
of Indian workers is the lack of development of social infrastructure. The
status and developments in the social infrastructure in India are discussed
below.
Imparting
education on an organized basis dates back to the days of ‘Gurukul’ in India.
Since then the Indian education system has flourished and developed with the
growing needs of the economy. The Ministry & Human Resource Development
(MHRD) in India formulates education policy in India and also undertakes
education programs.
Education
in India until 1976 was the responsibility of the State governments. It was
then brought under concurrent list (both Centre and State). The Centre is
represented by the Ministry of Human Resource Development decides the India’s
education budget.
The education system in
India consists of primarily six levels:
·
Nursery
Class
·
Primary
Class
·
Secondary
Level
·
Higher
Secondary Level
·
Graduation
·
Post-Graduation
Education
in India follows the 10+2 pattern. For higher education, there are various
State run as well as private institutions and universities providing a variety
of courses and subjects. The accreditation of the universities is decided under
the University Grant Commission Act. The Education Department consists of
various schools, colleges and universities imparting education on fair means
for all sections of the society. The budget share of the education sector is
around 3% of GDP, of this largest proportion goes for school education.
However, per pupil expenditure is the lowest for school students.
Health in
India is a state government responsibility. The Central Council Of Health and
Welfare formulates the various health care projects and health department
reform policies. The administration of health industry in India as well as the
technical needs of the health sector are the responsibility of the Ministry Of
Health And Welfare.
Health
care in India has many forms. These are the ayurvedic medicine practice, unani
or galenic herbal care, homeopathy, allopathy, yoga, and many more. Each
different healthcare form has its own treatment system and practice patterns.
The medical practicing in India needs a proper licensing from the Ministry of
Health. All medical systems are now under one ministry viz AYUSH.
The
health care services in India are mainly the responsibility of the Ministry of
Health. State wise, health status is better in Kerala as compared to other
States. Compared to other developed countries, India’s health status is not
satisfactory. India’s health status is poor compared to Sri Lanka.
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